ARJO] 



Cfje {Frtatfurji at 3S0taup. 



92 



racemosa, the Mako-Mako of the natives, 

 are eaten. The genus is named in honour 

 of the Greek philosopher. [A. A. BJ 



ARJOONA. A genus of Olacacea, con- 

 taining three species of under-shrubs or 

 herbaceous plants, with alternate rigid 

 and acute leaves, and flowers in spikes at 

 the end of the branches. The calyx consists 

 of a cylindrical flve-lobed tube. The sta- 

 mens, five in number, have slender fila- 

 ments and oblong anthers. The inferior 

 ovary is fleshy and contains three ovules. 

 There is a thread-like style, and three short 

 linear stigmas. The fruit, included in the 

 persistent bracts and bracteoles, is one- 

 seeded. The species are natives of South 

 America. [W. C] 



ARMARINTHE. (Fr.) Cachrys. 

 ARMATURE, ARMS. Any kind of de- 

 fence consisting of spines, prickles, &c. 



ARMENIACA. The Apricot, Prumcs 

 Armeniaca. 



ARMENIACTJS. A native of Armenia ; 

 but more generally used to signify apricot- 

 coloured. 



ARMERIA. Thrift. A genus of Plum- 

 baginacece, with narrow often grass-like 

 leaves and naked scapes, terminating in 

 compact heads, almost like those of the 

 scabious, surrounded by an involucre of 

 bracts, the two outermost of which have 

 the bases produced downwards, forming a 

 cylindrical sheath or tube, enclosing the 

 upper part of the scape. The flowers are 

 rose-coloured, purple or white. Two species 

 are included in the British Flora, but one 

 of them, A plantaginea, which has the 

 leaves three or five-nerved, broader to- 

 wards the end, is only found in Jersey. 

 The other, A. vulgaris, is the common Sea- 

 Pink or Thrift, and occurs on all the coasts 

 and many of the mountains of the British 

 Islands : the leaves are narrow and parallel- 

 sided. This plant is often cultivated in 

 gardens, where it is sometimes used to 

 supply the place of box-edging, for which 

 its compact tufted growth makes it very 

 suitable. [J. T. S.] 



ARMILLARIA. A sub-genus of Agari- 

 cus, distinguished from other white-spored 

 groups by its partial ring-like veil, without 

 any universal volva, which remains at- 

 tached to the stem. Agaricus melleas, a 

 species common on almost every rotten 

 stump in autumn, is the most prominent 

 example met with in this country. This is 



the apex, and the stigmas often forming 

 four lobes. The species are small and very 

 hispid or bristly, with pale yellow or pur- 

 plish-blue flowers. [J. T. S.] 



ARNICA. The name applied to a genus 

 of the composite family, distinguished by 

 the following characteristics : —Involucre 

 bell-shaped, of two rows of bracts ; outer- 

 most florets strap-shaped, containing pis- 

 tils only with rudimentary stamens ; cen- 

 tral ones tubular, five-toothed, containing 

 both stamens and pistils ; the tube of 

 the corolla hairy; style with long arms 

 covered with downy hairs ; fruit cylindri- 

 cal, tapering at each end, ribbed, hairy, 

 and surmounted by a pappus, consisting of 

 close rigid rough hairs arranged in one 

 row. 



A. montana, the Mountain Tobacco, is a 

 native of Central Europe. Its roots and 

 leaves possess powerfully acrid proper- 

 ties, but in small doses it is employed as 

 a stimulant in low fevers and other condi- 

 tions of debility, also in paralytic affec- 

 tions ; externally it is much used as a 

 tincture applied to bruises, wounds, and ! 

 sprains. It promotes the speedy absorp- | 

 tion and removal of the effused blood. 

 The peculiar properties seem especially ! 

 due to a resinous substance called arnicin, \ 

 and to a volatile oil. [M. T. M.] \ 



ARNOLDIA. The name of a section of 

 the genus Dimorphotheca, which see. The j 

 same name was applied by Blume to a ! 

 Java plant, which is now placed in the ; 

 genus Weinmannia. 



ARNOSERIS. Nipplewort. An insignifi- I 

 cant native annual weed belonging to the j 

 tribe Cichoracew, of compound flowers. It | 

 grows from six to eight inches high, with j 

 a branched leafless stem, the upper branches 

 being hollow and singularly swollen up- ; 

 wards so as to assume a club-shaped form. 

 The flowers are small and yellow. By 

 Smith, Hooker, and others, it is placed in 

 the genus Lapsana, from which it was 

 separated by Gartner on account of the 

 fruit being crowned with a pappus of 

 many short entire broad scales ; in Lap- 

 sana the fruit is naked. [C. A. J.] 



ARNOTTO or ANATTO. Bixa Orel- 

 lana. 



ARONICUM. A genus of the composite 

 family, closely allied to, and only differing 

 from, Doronleum, in all the achenes being 

 furnished with a pilose pappus, instead of 

 those of the disc only. There are four 



cidmiPic mc„ ,ulu hi ™,= wuai. j . ^» '= those ot the disc only. There are toui 

 frequently eaten abroad under the name of I known species, all of them pretty peren 



dimasch ; but it is very acrid, and causes 

 a strong constriction of the throat when 

 eaten raw. It would not be an acceptable 

 article of food in this country, even were 

 it free from danger. [M. J. B.] 



ARMOISE. (Fr.) Artemisia. 



ARMORACIA. The Horse-Radish, Coch- 

 earia Armoracia. 



ARXEBIA. A small genus of oriental 

 and North African Boraginacece, allied to 

 Lithospermum, but having the style bifid at 



nial herbs restricted to mountain districts 

 in Central Europe and Asia. They have 

 stems varying from three inches to two 

 feet high, terminating in one or more 

 yellow-rayed flower-heads, sometimes two 

 inches across ; the root-leaves are stalked, 

 heart-shaped or oblong, and toothed, with 

 a smooth or downy surface, and those of 

 the stem sessile and arranged alternately — 

 not opposite as in the nearly allied genus 

 Arnica. A. Clusii is a neat little Alpine 

 species, three to five inches high, fre- 



