123 



€i)c 5Trcas'ttrg at Wateny, 



[bark 



1 outer three, which are narrower and spread- 

 ing. It is a plant of ornamental character. 

 ' B. squamata is similar in habit, hut is 

 ! dwarfer, with a more scaly stem, and 

 | smaller reddish flowers. Between these 

 ! species some very showy hybrids have 

 j been raised in gardens. [T. MJ 



BARBADOS' PRIDE. Poinciana pul- 

 cJierrimd. 



BAR BARE A. Winter-cress. A herb held 

 in some repute in the days when the field 

 or brook furnished the only salads, but 

 banished from the table by vegetables of 

 better flavour. The common species, B. 

 ; vulgaris, sometimes called Land-cress, by 

 I way of distinction from water-cresses, to 

 which itsleavesbear a distant resemblance, 

 is a weed frequently seen in gardens and 

 | waste grounds, where the soil is damp. In 

 i winter and early spring it is a tuft of pin- 

 '< nate glossy leaves, of a dark green hue, 

 sending up in May an erect leafy stalk, 

 j having numerous yellow flowers, which 

 are succeeded by largish four-angled pods. 

 i B. prcecox, Early Winter-cress, is a smaller 

 j plant of similar habit; it is well-distin- 

 j guished by the slender divisions of its 

 upper leaves and its very narrow pods. 

 This, though common enough in the West 

 : of England, is considered a relic of culti- 

 vation. A variety of the common species 

 : is sometimes cultivated for the sake of its 

 double flowers, under the name of Yellow 

 Rocket Herb (French, Julienne jaune). The 

 French name of the wild plant is Barbaree 

 or Serbe de St. Barbe : German, Winter- 

 kresse. [C. A. J.] 



BARBATE. Having long weak hairs in 

 . one or more, tufts. 



; BARBE-DE-BOFC. (Ft.) Spiraea Arun- 

 ■ cus. — DE CAPFCIX Xigella damascena. 



— DE-CHE V VRE. Eryngium campeskre, 

 also Spirted Aruncus. — DE JFPITER.. 

 Anthyllis Barba Jovis, also Centranthus 

 ruber. 



BARBEAF. fFr.) Centaurea Cyanus. 



— JAFXE. Centaurea Amberboi. — MFS- 

 QFE'. Centaurea Moschata. — YIYACE. 

 Centaurea montana. 



BARBELLS. The hairs of the pappus 

 ; of composites, when they are short, stiff, 

 | and straight. 



BARBELLFL^E. Small conical spine- 

 like processes of the pappus of composites, 

 as in Aster. 



BARBERRY. The Berberry, Berberis 

 vulgaris. 



BARBOX. (Fr.) Andropogon. 

 BARBS. Hooked hairs. 



BARBFTA. The inner row of fringes 

 or teeth in the peristome of such mosses 

 as Tortula; also the name of a genus of 

 mosses. 



BARBYLFS. An imperfectly known 

 genus, belonging to the natural family 

 Amyridaceee. Its describer speaks of the 

 single species, B. jamaicensis, as a tree in- 



! habiting Jamaica, with a rough bark, alter- 

 I nate pinnate leaves, and the flowers in 

 racemes. The calyx is bell-shaped, four to 

 five-cleft ; the corolla, with four or five 

 petals, arising from the margin of the 

 calyx; stamens eight to ten, arising from 

 the bottom of the calyx ; ovary free ; style 

 and stigma simple ; capsule with three two- 

 seeded compartments. [M. T. M.] 



BARCLAYA. A singular genus of Nym- 

 pho?acece, not much resembling ordinary 

 water-lilies in appearance, though botani- 

 caliy allied to them. It consists of aquatic 

 plants with tuber-like root-stocks, whence 

 the leaves and flowers spring. The calyx is 

 composed of Ave distinct sepals ; the corolla 

 is tubular at the base, and united below to 

 a disc surrounding the ovary.the limb being 

 divided into five red-coloured petals ; sta- 

 mens numerous, in several rows, inserted 

 on the tube of the corolla, the upper ones 

 sterile ; the anthers are without appen- 

 dages. Fruit adhering to the fleshy disc, 

 composed of several carpels, with radiating 

 stigmata. Each compartment of the fruit 

 contains several seeds, which are albumi- 

 nous internally, and externally covered 

 with thick bristles. These curious plants 

 are natives of the East Indies, and are 

 especially remarkable for the calyx con- 

 sisting of distinct sepals detached from 

 the ovary, while the petals are united to- 

 gether below, and are attached to a disc in 

 which the ovary is immersed, so as to give 

 an appearance as though it were inferior, 

 which, however, is not the case. [M. T. M.l 



BARDAIfA. The Burdock, Arctium Bar- 

 dana or Lappa tomentosa. 



BARDANE. (Fr.) Arctium Lappa or Lap- 

 pa major. 



BARDANETTE or B. FAUX. (Fr.) EcU- 

 nospermum Lappula. 



BARK. All the outer integuments of a 

 plant beyond the wood, and formed of 

 tissue parallel with it. The only true bark 

 is that of Exogens. In Endogens, False 

 Bark, also called Cortical Integument, 

 stands in place of bark, from which it 

 is known by the fibrous tissue of the wood 

 passing into it obliquely. 



BARK. The officinal name given to the 

 cortical layers of various plants, used 

 chiefly for medicinal and tannine- purposes. 

 The name is, par excellence, applied to the 

 Peruvian or Cinchona barks, the source 

 of quinine. Of these there are many va- 

 rieties, namely:— Calisaya, Royal Yellow, 

 Cinchona Calisaya ; Light Calisaya, C 

 boliviano, scrobicidata ; Peruvian Calisaya, 

 C. scrobiculata (3. Belondriana ; Carabaya, 

 Ash, Jaen, C. ovata ; Dark Jaen, C. rillosu ; 

 Hard Carthagena, C. cordifolia; Woody 

 Carthagena, C. Condaminea; Spongy Car- 

 thagena, Coquetta, Bogota, C. lanci'foUa — 

 condaminea 5. ; Crown, C. Calisaya ; Select 

 Crown, C. chahuanguera ; Ashy Crown, C. 

 maxrocalyx, rotund/folia ; Fine Crown, C. 

 crispa ; Loxa Crown, C. Condaminea ; Wiry 

 Crown, C. hirsuta ; Cinnamon, C. coccinea; 



