bark] 



Qtf)z GTreagurg af SSotaup. 



124 



Cusco, Ariza, C. pubescens ; R,ed Cusco, St. 

 Ann's, C. scrobiculata ; Huanuco, Grey, G. 

 micrantha,, glandulifera, nitida ; Original 

 Loja, C. uritusinga; Negrilla, C. hetero- 

 phylla ; Red, C. conglomerata ; Genuine 

 Red, C. succirubra ; Spurious Red, C. ??ia£r- 

 nifolia. The principal sorts are sometimes 

 classed thus : —GREY BARKS : Crown or 

 Loxa, C. Gondaminea, scrobiculata, macro- 

 calyx; Lima, Huanuco, Silver, C. micran- 

 tha, lanceolate, glandulifera, and prob- 

 ably purpurea. RED BARKS : C. nitida. 

 YELLOW BARKS : C. Galisaya, micran- 

 tha, Gondaminea, lancifolia. RUSTY 

 BARKS: C. hirsuta, -micrantha, ovali folia, 

 and probably purpurea. WHITE BARKS : 

 C. ovata, pubescens, cordifolia. For a com- 

 plete account of the medicinal cinchona 

 barks, see Mr. Howard's splendid volume, 

 entitled The Nueva Quinologia of Pavon. 



The following Barks are also employed 

 officinally or economically : — , ALCOR- 

 NOCO or ALCORNOQUE. The astringent 

 bark of several species of Byrsonima ; or, 

 according to some authorities, of Bowdi- 

 chia virgilioides. — , ANGOSTURA. The 

 febrifugal bark of Galipea Cusparia or G. 

 officinalis. — , BABUL. The astringent bark 

 of Acacia arabica. —, BASTARD CAB- 

 BAGE. The bark of Andira inermis : same 

 as Worm Bark. — , BASTARD JESUIT'S. 

 The bark of Iva frutescens. — , BONACE. 

 The bark of Daphne tinifolia. — , CANELL A. 

 The stimulant aromatic bark of Canella 

 alba. — , CARIBBEAN. The astringent 

 bark of Exostemma caribceum. — , CASCA- 

 RILLA or SWEET WOOD. The aromatic 

 bark of Croton Cascarilla and C. pseudo- 

 china. —, CHINA. The febrifugal bark 

 of Buena hexandra. — , CONESSI. The 

 astringent bark of Wrightia antidysente- 

 rica. — , CULILAWAN. The aromatic 

 stimulant bark of Cinnamomum Culila- 

 wan. — , ELEUTHERA. The aromatic 

 bark of Croton Cascarilla. — , FALSE AN- 

 GOSTURA. The bark of Strychnos nux- 

 vomica. —, FRENCH GUIANA. The fe- 

 brifugal bark of Portlandia hexandra. — , 

 JESUIT'S. The same as Peruvian Bark. 

 — , JURIBALI. An astringent bark of 

 Demerara, supposed to be the produce of 

 some cedrelaceous plant. — , MELAMBO. 

 The aromatic febrifugal bark of some spe- 

 cies of Galipea, or one of its allies. — , 

 MEZEREUM. The acrid irritant bark of 

 Daphne Mezereon. — ,MONESIA. The bark of 

 some S. American Sapotacem. — , MURUXI. 

 The astringent bark of Byrsonima spirata, 

 used by the Brazilian tanners. — , NIEPA. 

 The febrifugal bark of Samadera indica. 

 — , PANOCOCCO. The sudorific bark of 

 Sivartziatomentosa. — , QUERCITRON. The 

 yellow dye bark of Quercus tinctoria. — , 

 QUILLAI. The bark of Quillaia saponaria, 

 used as a substitute for soap. — ,STRINGY, 

 of Tasmania. Eucalyptus robusta. — , 

 SWEET WOOD. The same as Cascarilla 

 Bark. — , NINE. An American name for 

 Spirwa opulifolia. — , WHITE WOOD. The 

 same as Canella Bark, —.WINTER'S. The 

 tonic aromatic bark of Drymis Winteri. 

 — , WORM. The bark of Andira inermis, 

 formerly used as an anthelmintic. 



BARKERIA. A small genus of beautiful 

 orchids, from Mexico and Central America, 

 differing in little from Epidendrum except 

 in the column being bordered by a broad 

 membranous wing. About half-a-dozen 

 species are known, of which B. spectabilis, 

 called in Guatemala Flor de Isabal, is the 

 finest. It is one of the votive offerings of 

 the Catholics in that country. 



BARKLYA syringifolia, the only species 

 of a genus belonging to the section of . 

 the pea family bearing regular flowers, is a 

 large tree, with alternate simple coriaceous 

 leaves, which have long stalks, and are in 

 form like those of the lilac {Syringa), 

 but have seven radiating nerves. The 

 flowers are golden yellow, very numerous, 

 and disposed in axillary or terminal ra- 

 cemes. The pods are stalked, about half 

 an inch long, thin, and containing few 

 seeds. The tree has been lately introduced 

 into English gardens. It is a native of 

 Eastern Australia, near the Brisbane river. 

 The genus bears the name of Sir Henry 

 Barkly, governor of the colony of Victoria. 

 [A. A. B.] 



BARLERIA. A large genus of herbs or 

 shrubs, natives of the tropical regions of 

 both the Old and New Worlds, and belong- 

 ing to that division of the Acanthacece in 

 which the corolla lobes are imbricate ortwo- 

 lipped in the bud, and not contorted, and 

 the seeds are inserted onhooked retinacula. 

 The flowers of this genus are axillary, or 

 in terminal spikes or heads, and have 

 herbaceous or pungent bracts. The calyx 

 has four sepals, the two outer being larger 

 than the others ; the corolla has a long 

 tube, and five nearly equal spreading lobes. 

 Of the four stamens the upper pair are 

 sometimes abortive ; the anthers are linear 

 and parallel. The two-celled ovary has two 

 ovules in each cell ; the style is entire with 

 a truncate stigma. The capsular fruit is 

 acuminate. The allied genera all have a 

 distinctly two-lipped corolla, and are thus 

 easily distinguished. [W. C] 



BARLEY. The common name for Hor- 

 deum, a genus of corn-producing grasses. 

 Pearl Barley is the grain of the common 

 Barley deprived of its hard integuments. 



BARNADESIA. A genus of the compo- 

 site family, belonging to that section of 

 the order which has two-lipped corollas. 

 All the species are spiny bushes, fur- 

 ! nished with entire generally elliptical or 

 | lanceolate pointed leaves, each having at 

 its base two spiny stipules. The flower- 

 heads are terminal and elongated. The 

 florets and often the involucre are purple or 

 pale pink in colour. The pappus is feathery, 

 and the achenes are clothed with silky hairs. 

 B. rosea has delicately flesh-coloured florets, 

 which are covered with silky hairs, and is 

 a favourite plant in the tropical houses of 

 English gardens, being a very free bloomer. 

 The species, nine in number, are natives 

 of tropicals. America, The genus is named 

 in honour of Michael Barnadez, a Spanish 

 1 botanist. [A. A. B.] 



