cleft and internally scaly or hairy. These 1 

 plants are nearly allied to the curious and 

 gigantic Rafflesias. [M. T. M.] 



1 BRUGUEIRA. One of the genera of the 

 mangrove family (Rhizophoracece), and 

 known by having a top-shaped calyx ad- 

 herent to the ovary below, and having 

 a persistent five to thirteen-lobed limb ; 

 five to thirteen oblong petals, cleft into two 

 segments, leathery, woolly at the margin, 

 1 and so folded that each petal conceals two 

 stamens, whose filaments are not of equal 

 length, but all shorter than the petals op- 

 posite which they are placed in pairs ; their 

 anthers are linear, or arrow-shaped. The 

 ■ ovary has two to four compartments, each 

 . containing two ovules ; stigma two or four- 

 j toothed on the end of a style, which is 

 I about the length of the stamens. The fruit 

 | is crowned by the persistent calyx, and the 

 j seed within it germinates before it has 

 fallen from the branch, as in the true man- 

 groves. The trees are natives of the East 

 Indies, where the bark is used as an astrin- 

 gent, for tanning purposes, and for dyeing 

 black. [M.T.M.] 



BRTDIAILLE. (Fr.) Erica scoparia. 



BRTTNRLLIA. A genus of Xanthoxy- 

 lacece, consisting of trees with simple or 

 compound leaves, and unisexual flowers in 

 axillary or terminal panicles. The calyx is 

 four or five-parted. There are no petals. 

 The eight or ten stamens of the male 

 flowers arise from a depressed hairy disc. 

 In the female flowers the stamens are 

 absent, but there are four or five ovaries, 

 each terminated by a short style. The 

 fruit consists of four or five two-seeded 

 capsules, which open inwardly. The species 

 are natives of tropical America, and the 

 Sandwich Islands. [M. T. M.] 



BRTJ]S T FELSIA. A name given to a 

 genus of Scrophulariacece in honour of 

 Otto Brunfels of Metz, who lived about 

 the middle of the sixteenth century, and 

 contributed to the revival of botanical 

 science. The genus is known by the 

 possession of a five-cleft calyx ; a corolla 

 with a long tube, very slightly dilated at 

 the top, and a flat limb, five-cleft with 

 rounded lobes, bilabiate in aestivation ; 

 four fertile stamens with anthers which ; 

 are confluent at the top; and a style j 

 which is bent inwards at the top, where 

 it is divided into two stigmatic lobes. The 

 capsule is leathery or fleshy, more rarely 

 indeliiscent and drupe-like ; seeds several, 

 rather large, imbedded in pulp. The 

 species are shrubs or small trees natives j 

 of South America and the West Indies, | 

 and have handsome fragrant flowers of 

 a blue or white colour. Some of the species 

 are in cultivation. [M. T. M.] 



BRUXIACE.E. A small family not sepa- 

 rated by any positive character from Ha- I 

 mamelidece, although very different in | 

 habit. They are mostly much-branched i 

 heath-like shrubs from South Africa or j 

 Madagascar. The leaves are usually small, 

 crowded and entire, without stipules. The I 



flowers in terminal heads, with an inferior 

 or half-inferior one to tln-ee-celled ovary, 

 having one to two pendulous ovules in each 

 cell ; a five-cleft calyx ; five petals alternat- 

 ing with the calyx-lobes ; five stamens 

 alternating with the petals; and a simple 

 or two and three-cleft style. The fruit is 

 dry and indeliiscent, or separates into inde- 

 liiscent cocci. There are about sixty 

 species known, distributed into fifteen 

 genera, including Grubbia and Ophira, of 

 which some botanists form a distinct 

 family, still more nearly allied to Hama- 

 melidece in habit as well as in character. 

 The Bruniaceaz will indeed probably here- 

 after be entirely included in Hamamelidece, 

 notwithstanding their want of stipules, 

 which is now supposed to be the only 

 constant differential character. 



BRUNTA. A genus of epigynous exoge- 

 nous plants, typical of the group Bruniacece, 

 distinguished chiefly by having the flowers 

 aggregate in little heads ; calyx superior, 

 five-parted ; filaments of the stamens in- 

 serted into the claws of the petals ; stigmas 

 cleft, with small two-celled ovaries. The 

 species are all natives of South Africa, 

 and, consequently, require the protection 

 of a greenhouse in England. B. noctiflora 

 is the species which is most generally 

 cultivated, and when well grown, it forms 

 a very handsome plant. [D. M.] 



BRUNNEUS. Deep brown; not much 

 different from chestnut-brown. 



BRUNKICHIA. A genus of Polygonacere, 

 containing a single species, B. cirrhosa, a 

 native of the warmer regions of North 

 America. The stem is shrubby, twining, 

 with alternate shortly-stalked smooth 

 ovate-acuminate entire leaves ; the leaf- 

 stalks are dilated at the base, and half- 

 clasping, a hairy line completing the circle 

 round the stem ; peduncles axillary and 

 terminal often ending in tendrils ; bractlets 

 small with several flowers from the axil of 

 each, the whole so arranged that the flowers 

 are racemose on the peduncles; perianth 

 herbaceous, very small, bell-shaped, five- 

 parted ; stamens eight or ten ; styles three ; 

 nut three angled. [J. T. S.] 



BEI T XONIA, BRUNONIACEiE. The 

 genus Brunonia consists of two Austra- 

 lian herbs with capitate blue flowers, giving 

 them the aspect of a Scabiosa or of a 

 Globularia; whilst in their structure, and 

 especially in their stigma, enclosed in a 

 two-valved cup, they are more nearly 

 allied to Goodeniacece. Robert Brown, in 

 whose honour the genus was named, con- 

 sidered it as a section or anomalous genus 

 of the latter family ; whilst others have 

 thought that the completely free ovary 

 and exalbuniinous seeds, combined with 

 the inflorescence, are sufficient to mark it 

 as a distinct family under the name of 

 Brvnoniacece. 



The Brimonias grow up with tufts of 

 entire spathulate radical JeaA r es, and naked 

 scapes terminated by the compact head of 

 small blue flowers, which are surrounded 

 by bracts. The five-cleft calyx has three 



