189 



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[CAKI 



CAFE' FRAXQAIS. (Fr.) Cicer arieti- 

 num. — MARRON. The wild Bourbon 

 Coffea mauritiana. 



CAFE'IER or CAFFETER. The Coffee 

 tree. 



CAFFER-BREAD. A South African 

 name applied to various species of Ence- 

 phalartos. 



CAHTNCA or CAINCA. A Brazilian 

 drug obtained from Chiocoeca densifolia. 



CAHOFN NUTS. The fruits of Attalea 

 Column, -which yield an oil equal to that of 

 the cocoa-nut. 



CAIANHE. (Fr.) A kind of olive. 



CAILLEBOTTE. (Fr.) Viburnum Opu- 

 lus. 



CAILLELAIT. (Fr.) Galium verum. 



CAIOPHORA. A genus of loasads, distin- 

 guished from its congeners by having on 

 the calyx ten spirally-arranged ribs; the 

 divisions of the corolla notched at the tip 

 or with three teeth ; style or appendage 

 on the ovary single, bifid at the end, the 

 two pieces approximate. The name appears 

 to be derived from the Greek verbs signi- 

 fying ' I burn,' and ' I bear,' in allusion to 

 the numerous stinging hairs which produce 

 a burning sensation when they pierce the 

 skin. The species are herbaceous plants, 

 natives of Peru and Chili, of branched 

 and climbing habit, armed with sharp 

 stings. The leaves are opposite, lobed or 

 deeply cut : the flowers solitary from the 

 angles of the leaves or at the ends of the 

 branches. 

 The plants have the general aspect of 

 | Loasa, a genus in which some of them 

 were formerly included. One of the most 

 notable is C. coronata, discovered by Dr. 

 Gillies on the sides of the Cordillera, 

 between Mendoza and Chile, at an elevation 

 of 8,000 to 11,000 feet. Dr. Gillies observes 

 of it: 'the general aspect of the plant is 

 very peculiar, and on examining its whole 

 economy we are struck with the care taken 

 to protect the flower, and insure impregna- 

 tion. It forms a large convex mass, 

 rising one or two feet from the ground ; 

 the upper part is composed entirely of 

 a great abundance of dark green leaves, 

 along the margins of which, and protected 

 by them, are arranged the large whitish 

 flowers, forming one or two or more 

 circlets or fillets, giving the whole a very 

 singular and elegant appearance. The 

 corolla, which is contracted towards its 

 mouth, is of considerable size ; the trans- 

 verse section, at the widest part, being in 

 some cases as large as that of a hen's eg-g. 

 When the capsules are ripe, they are gene- 

 rally prostrate on the ground, the stalk 

 being too weak to support them. [G. D.] 



CAJAXFS (from Catjang, the Malayan 

 name for one of the species; is a small 

 genus of leguminous plants of the section 

 Po.pilionacece, forming shrubs, with leaves 

 composed of three stalked leaflets, and 

 flowers produced in racemes from the 



angles between the leaf stalks and stems 

 Their calyx is bell-shaped and cut half-way. 

 down into four divisions, the upper of 

 which has two small teeth; their corolla 

 is papilionaceous ; and they have ten sta- 

 mens, nine of which are united together, 

 and the tenth free. The fruit is a pea-like 

 pod, containing many seeds, and having 

 its husk or shell constricted between each 

 seed. 



C. indicus is a native of the East Indies, 

 but is now naturalised and cultivated in 

 the West Indies, in tropical America and 

 Africa, and in some islands of the Pacific 

 Ocean. There are two varieties, differing 

 only in height and in the colour of their 

 flowers. It is a perennial shrub growing 

 from three to ten feet high, but in places 

 where it is cultivated, it is generally 

 treated as an annual, the stems being 

 pulled up and used for firewood as soon as 

 the crop of seeds has been gathered. All 

 parts of the plant are more or less covered 

 with soft silky or velvety hairs. The leaves 

 are composed of three oval-lance-shaped 

 stalked leaflets. The variety bicolor gene- 

 rally grows from three to six feet high, 

 and has yellow flowers marked with crim- 

 son streaks on the outside; its pods are 

 spotted or marbled with dark lines. It is 

 called the Congo pea in Jamaica. The 

 variety flavus is a larger kind, forming 

 bushes twenty feet in circumference, and 

 varying from five to ten feet high ; it has 

 pure yellow flowers and uniformly-coloured 

 pods. In Jamaica it is called the No-eye 

 pea. Both of these varieties are cultivated 

 in various parts of the tropics for the sake 

 of their seeds or pulse. In India the 

 pulse is called Dhal or Dhol, or Urhur, and 

 it forms a large part of the food of all 

 classes of natives, being ranked as third 

 in value among the pulses. In the West 

 Indies they are called Pigeon peas, being 

 commonly used for feeding pigeons and 

 other birds; besides which they are highly 

 esteemed as an article of human food, the 

 variety called No-eye pea being considered 

 to be little inferior in a green state to our 

 English peas, and, when dried and split, 

 quite as good. The Congo pea is harder 

 and coarser, and is only used by negroes, 

 requiring a great deal of boiling. Pea meal 

 of very good quality is prepared from both 

 the varieties -in Jamaica. Horses and 

 cattle of various kind are very fond of 

 the young branches and leaves, either in a 

 fresh or dried state. The late Dr.McFadyen, 

 speaking of this plant, says : ' There are 

 few tropical plants so valuable. It is 

 to be found round every cottage in the 

 island (Jamaica), growing luxuriantly in 

 the parched savannah and mountain de- 

 clivity, as well as in the more fertile and 

 seasonable districts.' ■ [A. S.] 



CAJUPUTI. An old synonyme of Mela- 

 leuca, one species of which, M. Cajuputi, 

 yields the stimulant oil of cajeput, used in 

 medicine. [T. M.] 



CAKILE. A sea-side herbaceous plant 

 belonging to the Cmciferce, easily dis- 

 tinguished by its oblong deeply-lobed 



