cala] 



€3)e &rra£ttrg al 230tang. 



192 



or valves, and containing numerous seeds 

 adhering to a central placenta. A few only 

 of the species are introduced, but they in- 

 clude probably the most interesting mem- 

 bers of the genus. As a type of one sec- 

 tion, reference may be made to the G. dis- 

 color, which has large oblong or lanceolate 

 pointed glaucous leaves, mostly radical, 

 green on their upper surface and purplish 

 beneath, whence its specific name; and 

 flowers one and a half inch across, of a 

 bright rose colour, produced in a long 

 distant raceme on a sort of scape, the foot- 

 stalks being deflexed before and after 

 flowering, and furnished with one or two 

 ovate bracts at their base ; a calyx of two 

 broad concave pieces spotted with black, 

 and petals inversely heart-shaped. The 

 C. grandiflora closely resembles it, but has, 

 notwithstanding its name, rather smaller 

 flowers, with leaves which are more taper- 

 ing at the point and base, and green on 

 both surfaces. Both of these species, 

 though usually treated as annuals, are pe- 

 rennial in warmer latitudes than our own, 

 and are, as well as the following plant, 

 natives of Chili. C. umbellata differs very 

 considerably in habit from the two preced- 

 ing, forming a small spreading tuft with 

 shrubby shoots thickly set with linear 

 foliage, fringed at the margins. The 

 flowers are produced in terminal umbels, 

 more or less compound, according to the 

 strength of the plant, each blossom being 

 about half an inch in diameter, and of a 

 rich purple-crimson colour. Possessing a 

 hardier constitution than the foregoing 

 plants, it frequently endures our winters 

 in dry soils, though often treated as an 

 annual. G. speciosa, a Calif ornian annual, 

 is of procumbent habit with numerous 

 branched stems radiating from the crown 

 of the root, thickly clothed with narrow 

 spathulate glossy leaves, and producing 

 singly from its axils a profusion of crimson 

 purple flowers rather larger than in umbel- 

 lata. The seeds of this species are lenti- 

 cular in form, and of a glossy black colour, 

 by which they are readily distinguish- 

 able from those of the three previously- 

 named. There is a variety of this with 

 flowers of a coppery-red colour. [W. T.J 



CALANTHE. A large genus of terres- 

 trial stemless vandeous orchids with broad 

 many-ribbed leaves, and long spikes of 

 flowers, the lip of which is calcarate and 

 adherent to the column, while the waxy 

 pollen masses are eight, adhering to a sepa- 

 rable gland. Some thirty species are known, 

 chiefly from tropical and extratropical 

 Asia; a few are American. The flowers, 

 which are white, or lilac, or purple, or 

 copper-coloured, are ornamental, where- 

 fore several species are in gardens. Of 

 these C. vestita is one of the handsomest. 



CALATHEA. A genus of Marantacece, 

 deriving its name from its cup-shaped 

 stigma. These plants have large leaves 

 springing from the contracted stem near 

 the root, from which they appear directly 

 to emerge. The flowers are in terminal 



spikes and protected by bracts ; they have 

 a calyx of three segments ; a corolla of six 

 pieces, the external ones lance-shaped, the 

 internal ones blunt and irregular in shape ; 

 three petal-like stamens, one of which 

 bears a linear one-celled anther, attached 

 to its edge, while the rest are sterile ; and 

 a petal-like style, the stigma hooded, an- 

 gular. The species are natives of tropical 

 America, and some of them are in cultiva- 

 tion for the sake of their handsome foliage, 

 especially C. zebrina, the leaves of which 

 have alternate dark-coloured and green 

 stripes. The leaves of some of the South 

 American kinds are used for. making 

 baskets. [jtf. T. MJ 



CALATHIAN VIOLET. Gentiana pneu- 



monanthe. 



CALATHIDA, CALATHUS, CALATHI- 

 DITJM. The head of flowers borne by 

 composites. 



CALATHIFORM. Cup-shaped, or almost 

 hemispherical. 



CALATHODES. A genus of RanuncuJa- 

 cea3 containing one species, C. palmata, 

 from Sikkim, growing at an altitude of 

 about 10,000 feet. A perennial herb with 

 the habit of Trollius, having palmately 

 cleft leaves, a simple stem one and a-half 

 foot to two feet high ; flowers large ter- 

 minal and solitary, with five ovate acute pe- 

 taloid sepals ; petals none ; ovaries ten or 

 more, oblong, gibbous externally, beaked ; 

 ovules eight or ten ; style bent down out- 

 wards after flowering. [J. T. S.] 



CALAVANCE. A name for several kinds 

 of pulse, including Dolichos barbadensis 

 and D. sinensis. 



CALBOA. A synonyme of Quamoclit. 

 CALCAR (adj. Calcaratus), A spur ; a 

 hollow process of some part of a flower. 



CALCAREUS. Dead-white, like chalk. 

 Also growing in chalky places, or having 

 the substance of chalk. 



CALCARIFORM. Shaped like a calcar 

 or spur. 



CALCEARIA. Coryanthes. 



CALCEOLARIA. A beautiful genus of 

 Scrophulariacem, distinguished chiefly by 

 the peculiar form of the corolla, which has 

 two lips,the lower of which is inflated, some- 

 what elongated and turned downwards, 

 having some resemblance to a shoe ; the 

 stamens are two in number. The name is 

 derived from the Latin word ' Calceolarius,' 

 a shoemaker. The peculiar form of the 

 corolla, above described, is nevertheless 

 not invariably a character of the genus ; 

 the plant known in collections as C. vio- 

 lacea, a native of Chili, has the corolla in 

 the form of two equal gaping lips ; it was 

 formerly placed in the genus Jovellana, 

 but is now considered by the best authori- 

 ties as a true Calceolaria. The numerous 

 species of this favourite and well-known 

 genus are either herbaceous or shrubby in 

 habit, with leaves in pairs or three to- 



