2<)1 



Cljc Crca^urg oC Sotang. 



[CALO 



pagatiou except by grafting or from 

 seed. The flowers are yellow, in clusters 

 in the axils of the leaves, and are suc- 

 ceeded by reddish pods. [C. A. J.] 



CALOPHAXES. A genus of Acantha- 

 cece, containing nearly thirty species of 

 herbs or under-shrubs, natives of America. 

 They are mint-like plants, more or less 

 pubescent, and nearly related in structure 

 to Dipteracanthus. They have axillary 



j opposite generally cymose flowers, with a 

 blue corolla and spotted throat ; the calj x 



I is deeply five-cleft with setaceous divisions; 

 the corolla is infundibuliform with a 

 five-cleft limb ; the filaments are united 

 in pairs at the base, and have anthers with 

 two parallel cells spurred at the base or 

 rarely muticous. The capsule is lanceolate, 

 with four seeds in the middle. [W. C] 



CALOPHYLLT7M. This genus of gut- 

 tifers (Clusiacew) contains about twenty- 

 five species, the majority of which are 

 natives of the Eastern hemisphere, only 

 four or five being found in America. 

 They are large trees with shining leaves 

 marked by numerous parallel transverse 

 veins, and having racemes of flowers, 

 some of which are of only one sex. Their 

 calyx consists of two or four sepals ; their 

 corolla of four petals; the stamens are 

 indefinite in number, their anthers burst- 

 ing on the inner side; and the ovary is 

 one-celled, the style being crowned with 

 a shield-like lobed stigma. The fruit 

 contains one seed. C. Calaba, a native of 

 the West Indies and Brazil, is a tree about 

 sixty feet high, having long elliptical 

 oblong leaves, sometimes notched at the 

 top. It has short racemes of white sweet- 

 scented flowers, producing round green I 

 fruits about an inch in diameter, and 

 containing a single seed. This tree is 

 called Calaba in the "West Indies, and an 

 oil, fit for burning in lamps, is expressed-] 

 from its seeds. C. inophylhtm, an Eas™ 

 Indian and Malayan tree, with a trunk' 

 about ten or twelve feet in diameter, and 

 from eighty to 100 feet high, has the 

 leaves elliptical and usually notched at . 

 the top, and it has white flowers resembling I 

 those of the last. The seeds of this tree 

 yield a thick dark green strong-scented 

 oil, employed in India for burning aiid 

 also medicinally. Its timber is used for 

 building purposes, and for masts and 

 spars ; and a greenish coloured resin which 

 exudes from the trunk forms one of the 

 kinds of East Indian Tacamahac. Other 

 species likewise yield resin, such as C. Ta- 

 wmo.haca in Bourbon and Madagascar; 

 and C. brasiliense in Brazil. The fruits of 

 C. edule and C. Madrunno are eaten in 

 South America ; as also are those of C. \ 

 spurium in Malabar. In Ceylon the timber 

 of C. tornentosum is valued for building 

 purposes, and an oil is expressed from its 

 seeds. [A. S.] 



C ALOPHTSA. A genus of Melastomacece 

 containing a Brazilian shrub with op- 

 posite petiolate cordate acute seven-nerved 

 toothed leaves, and short axillary crowded 



cymes of flowers ; calyx-tube adhering 

 to base of ovary ; limb with four short lobes; 

 petals four, obovate ; stamens eight, with- 

 out any appendage to the anthers ; berry 

 four-celled, with many seeds ; whole plant 

 more or less hispid. [J. T. S.] 



CALOPOGON. A small genus of tuber- 

 ous orchids, inhabiting wet prairies or the 

 edge of pine woods in all parts of the 

 United States. They have grassy radical 

 leaves and naked scapes bearing a small 

 number of purple flowers at the summit. 

 Four species are described : C. pulchellus, 

 multiflorus, parviflorics, and pallidas. The 

 generic name has been given in allusion to 

 a handsome beard or tuft of hairs growing 

 from the lip. 



CALOPSIS. A genus of Bestiacece from 

 the Cape of Good Hope. Sedge-like herbs 

 with deciduous glumiferous flowers in 

 spikelets, arranged in spikes or panicles ; 

 stems branched, with split leafless sheaths. 

 It is distinguished from Bestio by having 

 three stigmas and an indehiscent nut 

 covered with a tough membrane. [J. T.S.] 



CALOSACME. Cliirita. [W. C] 



CALOSANTHUS. A genus of Bigno- 

 niacece, consisting of a single species, a 

 native of India. It is a very tall slender 

 smooth tree with large opposite bipinnated 

 leaves, the leaflets shortly petiolate sub- 

 cordate ovate and acuminate, The racemes 

 are terminal and erect ; the flowers large, 

 whitish within, exteriorly streaked with 

 red, and having a fetid smell. The calyx 

 is coriaceous, tubular and truncate ; the 

 corolla tube is short and campanulate ; its 

 limb sub-bilabiate, the upper lip with two, 

 and the under with three lobes. The five 

 fertile scarcely exserted stamens have the 

 anthers pendulous from the apex of the 

 filaments. The stigma consists of two 

 roundish lobes. The pod-shaped capsule is 

 very long, compressed and two-valved, 

 containing numerous seeds which are 

 surrounded with a large membranaceous 

 wing. The wood is soft, spongy, and of no 

 economic value. [W. C] 



CALOSCORDUM. A genus of small- 

 growing lilyworts, found in China. They 

 are allied to Allium, from which they are 

 distinguished by afew technicai character- 

 istics. C. nerineflorum has small bulbs 

 and linear leaves which are thick and 

 rounded behind, and the flowers which are 

 small starry and rose-coloured form an 

 umbel at the top of a scape. One or two 

 other species are known. The plants have 

 none of the onion-like odour which per- 

 vades the Allium family. [T. M.] 



CALOSERIS. The name given to a 

 plant of the composite family which is 

 found in Venezuela. It has much the 

 habit and appearance of some of the 

 coltsfoots, but belongs to a different sec- 

 tion of the family, namely, that with two- 

 lipped corollas. It has been described 

 twice, under different names, and Caloseris 

 being the last published, must give place 

 to the first, Isotypus. [A. A. B.] 



