came] 



€f)£ CrcaSurp at SScitang. 



208 



name of the plant) is found in many parts 

 of China and Japan ; it has small white 

 scentless flowers, and is cultivated in Eng- 

 lish gardens. An oil is obtained from the 

 seeds in China by crushing them to a 

 coarse powder, afterwards boiling them, 

 and finally subjecting them to pressure. 

 The oil has an agreeable odour, and is used 

 for many domestic purposes. The leaves 

 are used in decoction by Japanese women 

 to anoint the hair, and also in a dried state 

 to mix with tea, on account of the pleasant 

 odour contained in them. C. drupifera is 

 nearly allied to C. Sasanqua, but differs in 

 having a very Ions point to its ovate-lan- 

 ceolate leaves ; like' it the flowers are 

 small and white, but odoriferous ; it is also 

 in cultivation, and its seeds yield an oil 

 used in medicine in Cochin China. This 

 grows in great abundance on the eastern 

 portions of the Himalaya. The lance-leaved 

 Camellia is found in Sumatra and Borneo ; 

 and the only other species, C. quinosaura, 

 is said to be a native of Java. The pink- 

 flowered plant known sometimes in gar- 

 dens as Camellia Sasanqua, as well as the 

 plants usually called C. roswflora and C. 

 malifiora, are now referred to the genus 

 Thea: which see. The present genus in- 

 cludes Calpandria. [A. A. B.] 



CAMERARIA. A genus of the dog- 

 bane family (Apocynacece), having a small 

 five-cleft calyx ; a funnel-shaped corolla 

 with a long tube inflated at each end, and a 

 flat limb with five lance-shaped oblique seg- 

 ments; the connective of the anthers pro- 

 longed into a thread ; and the two follicles 

 swollen at the base on each side so as to 

 appear three-lobed. The seeds are com- 

 pressed and slightly winged at the top. 

 Some of the species being shrubs with 

 white or orange flowers, are cultivated in 

 our stoves. [M. T. M.] 



CAMERISIER. (Fr.) Lonicera Xylos- 

 teum. 



CAMMOCK. The Rest Harrow, Ononis 

 arvensis. 



CAMOMILE. The common name for 

 Anthemis; more frequently written Cha- 

 momile. 



CAMOMILLE DES CHIENS. (Fr.) An- 

 themis or Maruta Cotula. — FAUSSE. 

 Anthemis arvensis. — ROMAINE. Anthe- 

 mis nobilis. 



CAMOTE. A Spanish name for the 

 Sweet Potato, Batatas edulis. 



CAMPANILLE. (Fr.) W ahlenbergia. 



CAMPANULACE^E. (.Campanula, Bell- 

 worts, Hare-bell family.) A natural order 

 of calycifloral gamopetalous dicotyledons, 

 characterising Lindley's campanal alliance. 

 Milky herbs or undershrubs with alternate 

 leaves having no stipules, and usually with 

 showy blue or white flowers. Calyx above 

 the ovary (superior), commonly five-cleft, 

 persistent ; corolla regular, bell-shaped, 

 usually five-lobed,withering; stamens five, 

 distinct ; style with hairs. Fruit one or two- 



celled or many-celled ; capsule opening by 

 slits at the sides or by valves at the apex ; 

 seeds numerous, albuminous, attached to a 

 central placenta. Chiefly natives of the 

 north of Asia, Europe, and North America, 

 and scarcely known in hot regions. In 

 our hemisphere the greatest number of 

 species are found between 36- and 4"o of 

 north latitude. The chains of the Alps, 

 Italy, Greece, Caucasus, and the Altai are 

 their true country. Several are found at 

 the Cape of Good Hope. The species 

 opening with lateral slits in the seed- 

 vessels are chiefly natives of the Northern 

 hemisphere ; those opening by valves at 

 the top of their seed-vessels belong to the 

 Southern hemisphere. The plants have a 

 milky acrid juice ; but the roots and young 

 shoots are often cultivated as articles of 

 food, as in the case of the Rampion Cam- 

 panula Rapunculus. There are twenty- 

 nine known genera and 540 species. Illus- 

 trative genera : Jasione, Phyteuma, Campa- 

 nula, Cyphia. [J. H. B.] 



CAMPANULA or Bell-flower. An exten- 

 ; sive genus of herbaceous plants giving 

 ; its name to the order Campanulacem. 

 ; No less than 200 species of this family 

 ! have been described, of which upwards of 

 i eighty are said to be either indigenous 

 or cultivated in Great Britain. They are 

 chiefly natives of the north of Asia, Europe, 

 and North America, and are scarcely known 

 in the hot regions of the world. In the 

 meadows,fields,and forests of the countries 

 they inhabit, they constitute the most 

 striking ornament. Many abound in milky 

 juice, which is rather acrid : but, never- 

 theless, the roots and young shoots of 

 some species are occasionally eaten. C. 

 Rapunculus (.a diminutive of rapa, a turnip, 

 ■ whence the English name Rampion) is 

 j much cultivated in France and Italy, and 

 I sometimes in Britain, for the roots, which 

 j are boiled tender, and eaten hot with sauce, 

 i or cold with vinegar and pepper ; C. 

 [ persici/olia and C. rapunculoides may 

 i also be cultivated for the same purpose. 

 Of the British species, C. latifolia is the 

 finest and most stately ; the flowers are 

 very large, blue, or (in the Scottish woods) 

 sometimes white. C. Trachelium, the 

 nettle-leaved Bell-flower, formerly con- 

 sidered a specific for sore throat (Greek 

 trachelos, a neck), is remarkable for the 

 resemblance borne by its leaves to the 

 common plant after which it is named. 

 C. glomerata is a handsome plant with large 

 erect flowers crowded into a kind of head. 

 The more edible species, mentioned above, 

 are sometimes also found apparently wild ; 

 but it is doubtful whether they have not 

 escaped from cultivation, having been 

 grown commonly in gardens before the 

 time of Gerarde. The best-known species 

 is C. rotundi folia, Hare-bell, or more cor- 

 rectly Hair-bell, the Blue-bell of Scotland, 

 an elegant plant about a foot high, with a 

 branched wiry stem and graceful drooping 

 pale blue, sometimes white, flowers. The 

 stem-leaves of this plant are exceedingly 

 narrow, and seem to belie the name rotun- 



