209 



(EI)C Erias'urp of 23otanti. 



[camp 



difolia, but the root-leaves, which for the 

 raost part wither away early in the season, 

 justify the appellation. It has been said 

 that Linnaeus gaTe this plant its name 

 from having jast seen the round leaves on 

 the steps of the university of Upsal. This, I 

 however, may hardly be, as it is figured i 

 and described under the same name by j 

 Gerarde (1597). CJiederacea is an exquisite 

 little plant, very abundant by the side of I 

 streams in the extreme west of England, i 

 generally growing with Anagallis tenella. ' 

 The ivy-shaped leaves are of a remarkably | 

 fine texture, and delicate green hue ; the 

 flowers of a pale blue, sometimes slightly 

 drooping, and supported on long stalks 

 scarcely thicker than a hair. 



Of the cultivated species C. pyramidalis 

 was a very fashionable plant thirty years 

 ago, and is still cultivated in Holland as an 

 ornament to halls and staircases, and for be- 

 j ing placed before fire-places in the summer 

 i season. It is still, too, a great favourite 

 j in cottage windows in England. In the 

 shade it will continue in flower for several 

 I months. C. liliifolia is so called from its 

 having at the summit of its stem a tuft of 

 j I leaves resembling a double flower, which 

 i disperse as the stem elongates. 'AH the 

 J species are elegant and handsome when in 

 : blossom, and are well adapted for decorat- 

 ing flower-borders. Some of the smaller 

 perennial kinds answer well for decorating 

 : rockwork, or to be grown in pots, among 

 ! other Alpine plants.' None are more worthy 

 | of being cultivated than the white variety 

 of C. rotundifolia. French, Campam.de; 

 German, Glockenblume. [C. A. J.] 



CAMP ADULATE, CAMPANIFORM. 

 Shaped like a bell. 



CAMPAXUMCEA. A genus of Campanu- 

 loxem containing herbs from Java and 

 India, with tuberous roots and milky juice. 

 The leaves are opposite stalked ovate- 

 cordate or oblong-linear, glaucous beneath. 

 The flowers are solitary or subcorym- 

 bose ; the calyx with a hemispherical tube, 

 surrounded by a five-parted involucre, its 

 limb truncate; the corolla five-parted; 

 stamens five ; ovary inferior, three-celled; 

 capsule globose, five-angled. [J. T. S.] 



CAMPEACHT or CAMPECHE-WOOD. 

 The red dye-wood, better known as Log- 

 wood, obtained from Hozmatoxylon Cam- 

 pechianum. 



CAMPELEPIS. An asclepiadeous ge- 

 nus belonging to the division Periplocew, 

 containing a single species, a native of 

 Lower Bactria. It is an erect branching 

 almost leafless shrub, the remote deciduous 

 leaves being like scales, and the small 

 coriaceous flowers in few-flowered cymes. 

 The calyx is five-parted ; tue corolla ro- 

 tate and five-cleft, its throat crowned with 

 five short trilobed scales alternating with 

 the segments ; the five stamens have 

 distinct filaments inserted in the throat of 

 the corolla below the scales, and sagittate 

 anthers, with the pollen-masses solitary 

 and granular ; the stigma is dilated ; the 



follicles are slender, cylindrical and spread- 

 ing, with numerous comose seeds. [W. C] 



CAMPELIA. The name of a genus 

 belonging to the order of spiderworts, 

 having three petals which remain attached 

 after flowering, and form a cover to the 

 fruit; the style or appendage on the top of 

 the seed-vessel being smooth, bent down, 

 and ending in a round head which has three 

 slight subdivisions. The species, natives 

 of America and the warmer parts of Asia, 

 are perennial herbs with erect stems, 

 the leaves broadly lance-shaped and hairy 

 on the lower surface. C. Zanonia, a native 

 of the West Indies, &c, cultivated since 

 1759 under the name of Tradescantia Za- 

 nonia, is an interesting species. [G. D.] 



CAMPHOR. A well-known stimulant 

 drug, a kind of stearoptine, obtained from 

 Camphnra officinarum. — , BORNEO or 

 SUMATRA. The drug produced by Bryo- 

 balanops aromatica, sometimes called JD. 

 Camphor a. 



CAMPHORA. The tree which furnishes 

 camphor, C. officinarum, was referred by 

 Linnaeus to the genus Lauras, but sub- 

 sequently it has been removed into a new 

 genus of Laurocece, with a more significant 

 appellation. This separated genus differs 

 from Laurus in its ribbed leaves, the lesser 

 number of its fertile stamens (nine), and 

 its four-celled anthers. From Cinnamomum 

 it differs in having its leaf-buds protected 



Camphora officinarum. 



by scales, and by the calyx being mem- 

 branous instead of leathery. Camphor is 

 prepared from the wood of the tree by boil- 

 ing the chopped branches in water, when, 

 after some time, the camphor becomes 

 deposited, and is purified by sublimation. 



