camp] 



Wfyz Crea£un? of 33 tarn? . 



210 



j It is produced principally in the island of 

 Formosa, and is imported from Singapore, 

 &c. Another kind of camphor is imported 



I from the Dutch settlement of Batavia. 

 What is known as Borneo camphor is the 



I produce of a tree of a different family : see 

 Dryobalaxops. Camphor has acrid stimu- 

 lant properties, and in large quantities is 

 •poisonous. There is a very prevalent but 

 erroneous notion that camphor acts as a 

 preventative in infectious diseases. It is, 

 however, much used to prevent the ravages 

 of insects in clothes, and in cabinets of 

 natural history. The wood of the tree is 

 occasionally imported to make cabinets f or 

 entomologists. [M. T. M.] 



CAMPHOROSMA. A genus of Clienopo- 

 diacece consisting of small shrubs or herbs 

 chiefly natives of the saline steppes of 

 Central Asia, though one species occurs in 

 the Mediterranean region. Leaves small, 

 linear or awl-shaped, often downy.scattered 

 or fasciculate ; flowers very small, axillary, 

 crowded ; calyx tubular, compressed, four- 

 toothed, two of the teeth larger and 

 keeled ; stamens four ; style two or three- 

 cleft. Fruit amembranous utricle contained 

 in the unchanged calyx tube. The seeds 

 are vertical with a membranous seed-coat 

 and an annular embryo with green cotyle- 

 dons; they contain a pungent volatile 

 matter. [J. T. S.] 



CAMPHRE'E. (Fr.) Camphorosma mon- 

 speliaca. 



CAMPHUSIA. A genus of Goodemacew 

 characterised by a superior calyx ; an irre- 

 gular corolla having a curved tube and a 

 three-cleft limb with narrow segments; 

 anthers distinct; ovary with two cavities, 

 each containing one ovule ; style flattened, 

 glabrous, wavy ; stigma large, round, its 

 cup ciliated. The genus has been separated 

 from Sccevola, and consists of one species, 

 C. glabra, a tree inhabiting the island of 

 Oahu, and bearing entire tufted leaves 

 and large yellow solitary flowers. [M.T.M.] 



CAMPION. Cucubalus baccifer. — , 

 BLADDER. Si'.ene inflata. — , CORN. 

 Agrostemma Githago. — , MEADOW. 

 Lychnis Flos-cuculi. — , MOSS. Silene 

 acaidis. — OF CONSTANTINOPLE. 

 Lychnis chalcedonica. — , ROSE. Lychnis 

 coronaria and L. Flos Jovis. — , RED. 

 Lychnis diurna. — , WHITE. Lychnis 

 vespertina. 



CAMPIUM. A synonyme of Pcecilopteris. 



CAMPSIDIUM chilense. The southern- 

 most representative of the order of 

 Bignoniacece, and the only known species 

 of the genus to which it belongs. It is a 

 very handsome climber, with dark shining 

 pinnate leaves, and flowers having a 

 regular five-cleft calyx, a tubular almost 

 regular corolla, of a rich orange colour; 

 and live stamens, one of which is sterile, 

 the anthers placed parallel (.a peculi- 

 arity shared with only two other bigno- 

 niads, Bignonia venusta and Millingtonia 

 hortensis). The plant grows in woods, 



ascending the trees to the height of forty 

 or fifty feet. It is found in Chili and the 

 adjacent islands, from latitude 40° to 44° 

 south ; the isle of Huafo, where it was 

 found by Eiglets, being the southernmost 

 station at present known. According to 

 Mr. Bridges, the inhabitants of Chiloe 

 term it ' pilpil boqui.' [B. S.] 



CAMPSIS. A genus of Bignoniacece, con- 

 sisting of half-a-dozen species distributed 

 over the Eastern Archipelago, China, 

 Japan, and North America, and distin- 

 guished from all other members of the 

 order by the branches being climbing and 

 rooting like ivy, eminently qualifying 

 these plants for covering walls and rocks, 

 for which purpose two species, C. adrepens 

 (Bignonia, or Tecoma grandiflora, of some 

 writers) and C.radicans {Bignonia, or 

 Tecoma radicans of botanists, the jasmin- 

 trompette of the French, or Trumpet- 

 flower as we call it) are already used in 

 our gardens. The calyx is regular, with 

 five acute lobes, valvate in aestivation; 

 the corolla funnel-shaped, large ; the sta- 

 mens five in number, one of them being 

 sterile, and the four fertile ones of unequal 

 length. The capsular fruit is of oblong 

 shape, two-celled, and the partition runs 

 contrary to the direction of its valves, 

 whilst the winged seeds are arranged in 

 several rows at each side of the partition. 

 The branches are slender ; the leaves ini- 

 pari-pinnate, with the leaflets either entire 

 or serrated ; and the flowers arranged in 

 terminal bunches, and either pink or of 

 a rich orange colour. [B. SJ 



CAMPTERIA. A genus of polypodia- 

 ceous ferns, of the group Pteridece, distin- 

 guished by having the lowermost pairs of 

 veins united, so as to form a series of arcs 

 next the mam costa or midrib. The sori 

 are linear continuous and marginal, exactly 

 as in Pteris. This group comprises eight 

 or ten species, principally eastern. One of 

 them, however, C. biaurita, has a very ex- 

 tended range not only through India, and 

 the Eastern Islands to China, but is found 

 also in the Mascaren Islands, South Ame- 

 rica, the West Indies, Tropical West Africa, 

 and South Africa. [T. M.] 



CAMPTOCARPTJS. A genus of twining 

 glabrous shrubs belonging to the order 

 Asclepiadacece, natives of Madagascar, and 

 the Isle of Bourbon. They have opposite 

 leaves, and axillary few-flowered cymes. 

 The small calyx consists of five sepals ; the 

 corolla is five-cleft andreflexed; the five- 

 lobed staminal corona is inserted in the 

 throat of the corolla, and the gynostegium 

 is adnate to its base; the stamens have 

 broad membranaceous filaments, and sa- 

 gittate glabrous anthers attached to the 

 margin of the stigma ; the pollen mass is 

 granular. The two long slender follicles 

 contain many comose seeds. [W. C] 



CAMPTOSEMA. A genus of scandent 

 or erect shrubs, belonging to the pea 

 family, peculiar to South America, and for 

 the most part found in Brazil. Their leaves 



