mty €rca£urg of Uotaitjn 



216 



CAPANEA. A genus of Gesneracece of 

 the tribe Besleriece, consisting of dwarf 

 herbs with subshrubby stems, and opposite 

 oval stalked hairy leaves, from the axils of 

 which spring the flowers two or three 

 together from a common peduncle. The 

 calyx isfree, nearly regular, and five-parted. 

 The corolla is irregularly bell-shaped, 

 scarcely curved, somewhat ventricose be- 

 neath, with a short limb. There are four 

 didynamous stamens, the filaments of 

 which carry heart-shaped anthers, which 

 are firmly joined together, and form in 

 the mouth of the tuber a pale yellow star, 

 with which the stigma is in contact. The 

 ovary is free, surrounded by a disk of five 

 obtuse fleshy lobes. The only species, C. 

 grandiflora, a native of New Grenada, 

 grows nearly a foot high, with moderate- 

 sized oval-acuminate leaves, and large 

 showy long-stalked flowers, seated in a 

 tuft at the end of an axillary or terminal 

 peduncle ; these flowers are nodding gloxi- 

 nia-like, with a limb of five broad spread- 

 ing emarginate lobes, pubescent outside, 

 white, elegantly painted on the inner 

 face of the limb, or less frequently on the 

 tube, with numerous crimson dots arranged 

 in contiguous lines. Dr. Lindley writes 

 the name of this genus Campanea in Pax- 

 ton's Flower Garden, i. 91. [T. M.] 



CAPE WEED. Roccella tinctoria, a dye 

 lichen, obtained from the Cape de Verd 

 Islands. 



CAPER. Capparis spinosa, the flower 

 buds of which, and of some allied species 

 or varieties, form the well-known condi- 

 ment of this name, for which the flowers 

 of Zygophyllum Fabago are sometimes 

 substituted. 



CAPERONNIER. (Fr.) Fragaria elatior. 



CAPER SPURGE. Euphorbia Lathy ris, 

 sometimes called Caper bush. 



CAPER TREE, of New South "Wales, 

 Busbeckia arborea. 



CAPILLACEOUS, CAPILLARY. Having 

 the form of a thread. 



CAPILLAIRE. A syrup prepared with 

 Adiantum Capillus-veneris. 



CAPILLAIRE. (Fr.) Asplenium Tricho- 

 manes. — DE MONTPELLIER. Adiantum 

 Capillus-veneris. — DU CANADA. Adi 

 antum pedatum. — NOIR. Asplenium 

 Adiantum-nigrum. 



CAPILLITIUM. Entangled filamentary 

 matter in fungals, bearing sporidia. 



CAPILLUS (adj. CAPILLARIS). The 

 breadth of a hair; the twelfth part of a 

 line. 



CAPITAO DO MATTO. A common 

 Brazilian name for Lantana pseudo-thea. 



CAPITATE. Pin-headed, as the stigma 

 of a primrose, or as certain hairs. Also 

 growingin heads,or terminal close clusters, 

 as the flowers of composites, &c. 



CAPITULUM. A close head of sessile 

 flowers. Also a term vaguely applied 

 among fungals to the receptacle, pileus, or 

 peridium. 



CAPNITES. A section of the genus 

 Corydalis. Decandolle employs it in a 

 sense synonymous with Bulbocapnos, but 

 Endlicher used it to designate a part of 

 Decandolle's section Capnoides, which 

 includes the species of Corydalis without 

 tuberous rootstocks. In this way it is 

 equivalent to Corydalis of Bernhardi, and 

 differs from Capnoides, as restricted by 

 that author, by having the stem single and 

 branched, and the style persistent. There 

 is, however, no natural division, and it is 

 better to consider all the species of Cory- 

 dalis without, tuberous rootstocks, with 

 two separate cotyledons, and with a cup- 

 shaped appendage at the base of the seed, 

 as belonging to the section Capnoides. The 

 only British species is the small Climb- 

 ing Fumitory Corydalis claviculata, which 

 has long branched trailing stems, and 

 yellowish flowers in racemes. C. lutea, 

 often cultivated, and naturalised in several 

 localities, is easily known by its short stems 

 and large bright yellow flowers. [J. T. S.] 



CAPNODIUM. A curious genus of Fungi 

 established by Dr. Montagne to receive a 

 portion of the black smutty parasiteswhich 

 infest the leaves and twigs of shrubs in 

 damp warm climates. It belongs to the 

 division Physomycetes, and is characterised 

 by the abundant creeping black threads 

 which run over the several parts of the 

 plants which it attacks. Shoots from these 

 threads either intimately invest the fruit 

 or are combined to form it. The fruit 

 consists of irregular often elongated and 

 branched cysts, which in the same species 

 contain naked spores and sporidia, enclosed 

 in asci. One species only, C. elongatum, 

 has been found in the extreme south-west 

 of this country on pear trees ; others are 

 the plague of coffee, lemons, olives, and 

 other important plants. In a young state 

 these plants are not distinguishable from 

 Antennaria. The breathing pores or sto- 

 mates of the plants which they attack are 

 completely smothered, and direct light 

 almost excluded, so that the functions of 

 the leaves are greatly impeded. No remedy 

 is known when the parasite is once de- 

 veloped. If any is applied, it must be 

 directed to the destruction of the different 

 species of coccus on whose dung or 

 excretions these Fungi seem mostly to be 

 developed. Lemons frequently arrive in 

 this country in an unsaleable condition, 

 incrusted more or less completely with a 

 jet black felt, in consequence of the 

 growth either of an Antennaria or the 

 spawn of Capnodimn Citri, which seems to 

 increase greatly after the fruit is packed up 

 for the market. [M. J. B.] 



CAPPARIDACE^E. (Capparids.) A natural 

 order of thalamifloral dicotyledons placed 

 in Lintlley's cistal alliance. Herbs, shrubs, 

 or trees with alternate leaves and solitary 

 or clustered flowers ; sepals four, imbricate 



