221 



CI)e ULrCKgurt) nf 23ntanj). 



[CARD 



scarcely differs from the last. Its seeds 

 yield Tallicoonah or Coondi oil, which, 

 besides being used for the same purposes 

 as Crab oil, is employed as a purgative and 

 anthelmintic. [A. S.J 



CARAPIXO DA CALCADA. A Brazilian 

 name for some species of Triumfetta. 



CARATOE. A West Indian name for 

 Agave americana. 



CARAVELLA. An Indian name for the 

 I small black aromatic stimulant seeds of 

 Cleorae pentaphylla. 



CARAVERU. A red pigment, so called 

 by the Indians of Guiana, obtained from 

 Bignonia Chica. 



CARAWAY. Carum Carui, which yields 

 the well-known carminative fruits called 

 Caraway seeds. 



CARBERRT. A local name for the 

 Gooseberry, Ribes G-rossularia. 



CARCERULE. An indehiscent many- 

 celled superior fruit, such as that of the 

 linden. Also emp'oyed among fungals to 

 denote their spore-case. 



CARCIXODES. A term applied to what 

 is commonly called Canker in trees, which 

 may in general be characterised as a slow 

 decay inducing deformity. The appear- 

 ances are very different in different plants, 

 and the causes different. Tbe same plant, 

 as the apple, may even exhibit three or 

 four different kinds of Canker. One form 

 arises from the attack of the woolly aphis ; 

 a second from the developement of bundles 

 of adventitious roots, whose tips decay 

 and harbour moisture, and contaminate 

 the subjacent tissues; a third exhibits 

 itself without any apparent cause in the 

 form of broad dark, or even black, patches, 

 spreading in every direction ; while a 

 fourth shows pale depressed streaks which 

 soon become confluent, and eventually 

 kill, first the bark, and then, as a necessary 

 consequence, the underlj-ing wood. The 

 only remedy is to cut out completely the 

 affected parts, and that is not always 

 efficacious. The canker of the plum and 

 apricot is brought on by gumming. In 

 many cases Canker arises doubtless from 

 the roots penetrating into some ungenial 

 soil, which vitiates the juices and induces 

 death to the weaker cells, from which it 

 spreads to surrounding tissue. The 

 rugged appearance is generally due to a 

 struggle between the vital powers of the 

 plant and the diseased action. [M. J. B] 



CARCINOMA. A disease in trees when 

 the bark separates, an acrid sap exuding 

 and ulcerating the surrounding parts. 



CARCITHIUM. The mycelium of certain 

 fungals. 



CARCYTES. The same as Mycelium. 



CARDAMINE. An extensive genus of 

 herbaceous cruciferous plants, distin- 

 guished by the nerveless valves of the flat 

 narrow pod, which, when the seeds are 



ripe, curl up with an elastic spring from 

 the base upwards, thus scattering the 

 seed. The Cuckoo-flower or Lady's-smock 

 (C. pratensis) is a common and very pretty 

 meadow plant, with large lilac flowers. 

 ' They come with the cuckoo,' says Sir J. 

 E. Smith, whence one of their English as 

 well as Latin names {Flos Cuculi) ; and they 

 cover themeadows as with linen bleaching, 

 which is supposed to be the origin of the 

 other. They are associated with pleasant 

 ideas of spring, and join with the white 

 saxifrage, the cowslip, primrose and hare- 

 bell, to compose many a rustic nosegay. 

 A double variety is sometimes found wild, 

 which is remarkably proliferous, the leaf- | 

 lets pi'oducing new plants where they come j 

 in contact with the ground, and the flowers, 

 as they wither, sending up a stalked flower- 

 bud from their ceinres. This species is a 

 native of the whole of Europe, Northern 

 Asia, and Arctic America. The flowers and 

 leaves are agreeably pungent, and may be 

 eaten with other herbs in a salad. 



C. hirsute, is a common weed everywhere, 

 varying in size according to soil and situa- 

 tion, from six to eighteen inches in height. 

 In dry localities it ripens its seeds in March 

 and April, and withers away ; but in damper 

 places continues in flower all the summer. 

 The leaves and flowers of this species also 

 form an agreeable salad. This species, and 

 it is said several others, produce young 

 plants from the leaves. All that is neces- 

 sary is to place them on a moist grassy or 

 mossy surface. Two other British species 



I are less common. The foreign kinds are 

 less ornamental as garden plants than the 

 double variety of C. pratensis. French, 



i Cresson ; German, Gaucliblume. [C. A. J .] 



I CARDAMOM. The name applied to the 

 : aromatic tonic seeds of various zingibe- 

 raceous plants, as Elettaria Cardamomum, 

 and Amomum Cardamomum, which, besides 

 their medicinal use, form an ingredient in 

 curries, sauces, &c. — , BASTARD. Alpi- 

 nia Cardamomum. 



j CARDAMOMUM. The plants formerly 

 so called are now included in Ajiomum and 

 Elettaria: which see. [M.T.M.] 



CARDE. (Er.) Cynara Cardunculus. 



CARD V ERE. (Fr.) Dipsacus fullonum. 



I CARDIANDRA. A genus of Hydran- 

 geacece, containing an under shrub from 

 Japan. It has alternate stalked leaves which 

 are oblong-acute, serrated, and without 

 stipules ; and corymbose flowers, those 

 i at the margins of the corymb barren and 

 1 radiant, with a large three-partite petaloid 

 ! calyx. The fertile flowers have the calyx- 

 tube adhering to the ovary, the limb five- 

 toothed ; petals five ; stamens numerous, 

 the anthers heart-shaped, from which the 

 genus takes its name ; styles three ; capsule 

 imperfectly three-celled, opening between 

 the styles. [J. T. S.] 



CARDIAQUE. (Pr.) Leonurus Cardiaca. 



CARDINAL-FLOWER. Lobelia cardina- 

 lis ; also Cleome cardinalis. 



