241 



Cfjc Crrasfurp of 230tang. 



[cava 



I production of a leaf. Also the imaginary 

 space between the radicle and cotyledons 

 of an embryo. Also the stipe of certain 

 fungals. 



CAULIFLOWER. A garden variety of 

 Brassica oleracea, in which the inflores- 

 cence while young is condensed into a 

 depressed fleshy esculent head. 



CAULIGENUS. Arising from a stem. 



CAULINE. Of or belonging to the 

 stem. — STIPULES. Such as adhere to 

 the stem as much as to the petiole or leaf. 



CAULINIA. A section of the genus 

 Naias, sometimes considered as distinct 

 on account of the anther being elliptical, 

 one-celled, and without valves ; while in 

 Naias it is four-sided, four-celled, and 

 opening by four valves, rolling inwards. 

 The only British species of Naias (N.flex- 

 ilis, found in lakes in Galway) belongs to 

 Caulinia. [J. T. S.] 



CAULIS. The stem or ascendiug axis ; 

 a name only given to the part in its 

 customary state, growing in the air. — 

 DELIQUESCENS. A stem which at a 

 distance above the earth breaks into irre- 

 gular ramifications, as in the oak. — 

 EXCURRENS. A stem which shoots 

 straight from the ground to the summit, 

 having branches on the sides, as in Abies. 



CAULOCARPOUS. A stem which lives 

 many years, repeatedly bearing flowers 

 and fruit ; as a shrub or tree. 



CAULOMA. The stem of a palm-tree. 

 The stem-like portion of the thallus of 

 such algals as some Fuci. 



CAULON. In Greek compounds = stem. 



CAULOPHYLLUM. A perennial herba- 

 ceous plant with tuberous roots, belonging 

 to the order Berberidece, remarkable for 

 bearing only oneleaf on each stem, directly 

 under the cluster of flowers, and termina- 

 ting the stem, which, consequently, has the 

 appearance of being no more than a leaf- 

 ! stalk. The true leaf-stalk is divided to the 

 base into three parts, each part having 

 three ovate deeply-cut leaflets. The foliage 

 bears a resemblance to that of Thalictrum 

 (hence the specific name thalictroides) or 

 Aquilegia. The stems are about a foot 

 high ; the flowers small, yellowish-green, 

 j with six sepals and as many petals and 

 | stamens, and are succeeded by deep-blue 

 l globose berries, contracted below so as to 

 approach pear-shaped. These berries are 

 called by the Indians Cohosh, and the 

 plant is esteemed medicinal. It is a native 

 i of North America, but is not of common 

 occurrence. Two other species of similar 

 ; habit are natives of the Altai mountains, 

 I and the country about Odessa. [C. A. J.] 



CAUSTIC. Biting in taste, like Cayenne 

 pepper. 



CAVA or KAWA. An intoxicating be- 

 verage prepared from Macropi-per 



guttata, and granulosa have thick leathery 

 flowers with crimson spots on a yellowish- 

 green ground. C. luteola and citrina are 

 wholly yellow. Many of the so-called 

 species in gardens are mere varieties of 

 others. The genus differs from Lcelia 

 in having four pollen masses instead of 

 eight. 



CATULUS. A catkin, or amentum, such 

 as is borne by the hazel. 



CATURUS. The name formerly given 

 to a nettle-like plant of the spurgewort 

 family, with long cat's-tail-like spikes of 

 small green flowers, which are said to be 

 used in the East Indian Islands either in 

 a conserve or decoction, as a remedy for 

 diarrhoea. The plant is now placed in the 

 genus Acalypha : which see. [A. A. B.] 



CAUCALIS. A genus of umbelliferous 



plants distinguished by its oblong fruit, 



ribbed with four rows of hooked prickles, 



j with rough interstices. All the species are 



l herbaceous, natives of Europe and the 



! temperate parts of Asia and Africa. The 



Bur Parsley, C. daucoides, is a British 



I plant, growing in corn-fields in a chalky 



' soil, and is neither attractive in appear- 



I ance, nor otherwise interesting. C.latifolia 



! was formerly abundant in Cambridgeshire, 



! but is now extinct. The leaves are broader 



! and less divided than is generally the case 



with the umbelliferous tribe ; the flowers 



are large and rose-coloured. The foreign 



species are equally unattractive. French, 



Caucalide : German, Haftdolde. [C. A. J.] 



CAUDA (adj. CAUDATUS). Any long 

 soft narrow terminal appendage, as that 

 of the corolline lobes of StropJianthus, or the 

 lateral sepals of Cypripedium caudatum. 



CAUDEX. The axis of a plant, consist- 

 ing of stem and root. — RE PENS. A creep- 

 ing stem ; what is now called a rhizome. 

 — DESCENDERS. The root. 



CAUDICULA. The cartilaginous strap 

 which connects certain kinds of pollen 

 masses to the stigma, as in Maxillaria. 



CAULERPA. A very beautiful genus of 

 green-seeded Alga?, abounding in species, 

 and assuming very different forms. The 

 species are almost exclusively natives of 

 warm climates, and occur on sand, on 

 shaded rocks, or in deep water. All have 

 a more or less decided green herbaceous 

 hue, and however complicated may be 

 their growth, or whatever size they may 

 attain, they are formed of a single cell 

 without any transverse divisions, branched 

 and anastomosing in every part of the 

 plant, amidst which a green chlorophyl is 

 produced w-hich ultimately gives rise to 

 minute zoospores. The species are greedily 

 eaten by turtles, of which they form the 

 principalfood. The nearest approach which 

 is made to the genus on our coasts, is seen 

 in Codium. [M. J. B.] 



CAULET. (Ft.) A kind of cabbage. 



CAULICULUS. A small stem produced 

 at the neck of a root without the previous 



