243 



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[CELA 



CEDAR APPLES. The Pennsylvania!! 

 name of the curious excrescences on 

 Juniperus virginiana, caused by the fungus 

 called Podisoma macropus. [M. J. B.] 



CEDRAT. A variety of the Citron, Citrus 

 medico. 



CE'DRE BLA2JC. (Fr.) Cupressus tny- 

 oifes. — DES BERMUDES. Juniperus 

 bermudiana. — d' ESPAGNE. Juniperus 

 thurifera. — DE VIRGINIE or ROUGE. 

 Juniperus virginiana. — PIQUANT. Ju- 

 niperus Oxycedrus. 



CEDRELACE-E. (Cedrelads, the Mahog- 

 any family.) A natural order of thalami- 

 floral dicotyledons, belonging to Lindley's 

 rural alliance. Trees with alternate pin- 

 nate leaves, without stipules. Flowers in 

 panicles : calyx four to five-cleft ; petals 

 four to five; stamens eight to ten, inserted 

 on a disk. 'Ovary three to five-celled. Fruit 

 a capsule opening by valves, which sepa- 

 rate from a thick axis ; seeds numerous, 

 flat, winged, and anatropal, i. e., with 

 the opening near the hilum, and the cha- 

 laza at the opposite end. There are two 

 suborders : 1. Swieteniea' : filaments of sta- 

 mens united. 2. Cedrelew. filaments not 

 united. Natives of the tropics of America 

 and India, very rare in Africa. The plants 

 of this order are generally fragrant, aroma- 

 tic, and tonic. Many supply compact 

 beautifully-veined timber, such as the 

 mahogany of tropical America (Swietenia 

 Mahagoni), satin-wood of India (Chloro- 

 xylon Swietenia), yellow-wood of New 

 South "Wales (Oxleya xanthoxyla), red-wood 

 of Coromandel (Soy midafebrifuga), and the 

 toon of India or Simal-Kun of the Lep- 

 chas (Cedrela Toona). A kind of oil is pro- 

 cured from satin-wood ; and the barks of 

 Cedrela febrifuga, the mahogany tree and 

 others, are used as remedies in intermit- 

 tent fevers, as well as in dyspeptic com- 

 plaints. There are nine known genera, and 

 twenty-five species. Swietenia., Soymida, 

 Flindersia, and Cedrela, serve as illustra- 

 tions, of the group. [J. H. B.] 



CEDRELA. A genus of large trees, 

 giving its name to the order Cedrelacew. 

 They bear compound leaves, regular flow- 

 ers, five fertile stamens adherent to the 

 stalk which supports the five-celled ovary, 

 and five sterile stamens, which are very 

 small, or altogether absent. The fruit is a 

 capsule bursting by five pieces to liberate 

 the seeds, which are winged. The trees 

 are natives of the tropical parts of Asia 

 and America, and are remarkable for their 

 fine timber, sometimes called Cedar-wood. 

 The trunk of C. odorata, a West Indian 

 tree, is sufficiently large to be hollowed 

 out into canoes ; this, which is of a brown 

 colour, and has a fragrant odour, is im- 

 ported under the name of Jamaica or Hon- 

 duras Cedar. C. Toona, a native of Bengal 

 and other parts of India, furnishes timber 

 much like mahogany in appearance but 

 lighter. It is in great request, and is said 

 to be one of the woods known as Chitta- 

 gongwood. The bark is very astringent, 



and has been found valuable in fevers, dy- 

 sentery, &c. The flowers are used in some 

 parts of India for producing a red dye. 

 The Red Cedar of Australia, C. australis, is 

 now becoming scarce in that colony, the 

 trees having been cut down for the sake of 

 their timber, which was commonly used in 

 the construction of houses. [M. T. M.] 



CEDRINO. The small Italian Citron. 



CEDRONELLA. A small genus of LaH- 

 atce, natives of North America and the 

 Canary Isles. They are sweet-scented per- 

 ennial herbs, or rarely shrubs, with pale 

 purplish flowers, in spikes or terminal 

 racemes, and having the floral leaves bract- 

 like, and the bracts themselves small and 

 setaceous. The calyx is rather obliquely 

 five-toothed, and many nerved. The co- 

 rolla is very large, much expanded at the 

 throat, and two-lipped, with the upper lip 

 flattish or concave, and two-lobed, and the 

 lower three-cleft, spreading, the middle 

 lobe being largest. There are four ascend 

 ing stamens, the lower pair are shorter 

 than the others; the anthers have two pa- 

 rallel ceils. The apex of the style is sub- 

 equally bifid, with subulate lobes. The 

 nucule is smooth. [W. C] 



CEDRUS. The name under which the 

 Cedar of Lebanon, the Deodar or the Indian 

 Cedar,and the Mt.Atlas Cedar,are sometimes 

 separated from other coniferous trees. 

 The characters mainly relied on to distin- 

 guish the genus are the evergreen leaves 

 disposed many together in bundles or fas- 

 cicles, and the erect cones with their carpels 

 separating from the axis. The cedars are 

 now generally included in Abies. [T. M.] 



CEINBRA. (Fr.) Pinus Cembra. 



CELANDINE. The common name for 

 Clielidonium. — LESSER. Ranunculus 

 Ficaria. — TREE. Bocconia frutescens. 



CELASTRACE^E. (Celastrinecr ; Spindle- 

 trees.) A natural order of calycifloral poly- 

 peta'ous dicotyledons belonging to Lind- 

 ley's rhamnal alliance. Shrubs or small 

 trees with alternate rarely opposite simple 

 leaves, having stipules which fall off. 

 Flowers in axillary cymes, small, green 

 white or purple ; sepals and petals four to 

 five, imbricate, the petals sometimes 

 wanting ; stamens four to five, inserted on 

 a large disk, which surrounds the ovary 

 and encloses it. Fruit two to flve-celled, 

 capsular or drupaceous (cherry-like) ; seeds 

 usually with an aril, albuminous, with a 

 large straight embryo. Natives of the 

 warmer parts of Europe, North America, and 

 Asia, far more abundant beyond the tropics 

 than within them. Many inhabit the Cape 

 of Good Hope, some occur in South Ame- 

 rica, and a few in New Holland. There are 

 two suborders : 1. Euonymece : fruit dry and 

 capsular. 2. JEla?odendrece: fruit drupaceous 

 or cherry-like. The plants of the order are 

 more or less acrid in their properties 

 Some yield oils. The spindle-trees have a 

 beautiful scarlet aril, which is derived from 

 the sides of the opening in the seed. The 



