CENO] 



&fyt Ereatfurg ol 28fltang. 



246 



Greek word signifying hollow or void, in 

 allusion to the hollow receptacle. The 

 species are natives of the Cape of Good 

 Hope, and have alternate leaves, which are 

 twice pinnate, the divisions being long 

 and narrow. C. turbinate/, has been long 

 known, having been introduced about the 

 beginning of the last century. [G. D.] 



CENOBIUM. (adj. CENOBIONAR, CENO- 

 BIONEUS.) Such fruits as those of labiates, 

 borageworts, &c, which consist of several 

 distinct lobes, not terminated by a style or 

 stigma. 



CENOLOPHITJM. A genus of Umbelli- 

 feree, nearly related to Cnidium, but differ- 

 ing in the mature seeds being enclosed in 

 a loose pericarp, as well as in the ribs of 

 the carpels being hollowed interiorly. C. 

 Fischeri, the only species, is a tall smooth 

 perennial weed, common throughout Rus- 

 sia, and sometimes cultivated in botanic 

 gardens. It has many times ternate leaves, 

 the segments narrow, lance-shaped, and 

 nearly an inch in length ; small white 

 hemlock-like flowers, disposed in many- 

 rayed umbels, with a general involucre 

 of one bract, and numerous narrow bracts 

 to the partial involucres ; ovate-oblong 

 nearly cylindrical fruits, each carpel having 

 five sharp ribs, with an oil tube in each 

 furrow, and two on the inner face. [A.A.B.] 



CENTAUREA. An extensive and varied 

 genus of composites, comprising both 

 annual and perennial herbaceous or half- 

 shrubby plants, some of them common 

 weeds, e. g., C. nigra, the Knapweed of our 

 pastures, while a certain number are es- 

 teemed border flowers. They are distin- 

 guished by a globose or ovate involucre 

 of many imbricated scales or leaflets which 

 are either fringed at the tip or furnished 

 with appendages varying in form and cha- 

 racter; by a bristly receptacle; by the 

 florets being all tubular, the outer row 

 usually much the larger, spreading and 

 sterile ; and by a compressed fruit, with 

 or without pappus of simple bristles, and 

 a lateral depression or hilum near the base. 

 The species present great diversity of 

 habit and foliage, some being of prostrate 

 growth, others quite erect ; while the 

 foliage varies from entire to pinnatifld 

 or bipinnatifld, and the flowers from white 

 to blue, yellow, and purple. 



Of the perennial species, one of the most 

 common in gardens is C. montana, which 

 grows one and a half foot high, and bears 

 entire lanceolate downy leaves, and large 

 capitules, the outer florets of which are 

 pale violet blue, and the central ones deep 

 purple. C. macrocephala, an erect growing 

 species, of stiff habit, with entire leaves, 

 stalked at the root but decurrent on the 

 stem, has large solitary flower-heads of a 

 fine yellow colour. In C. dealbata, with 

 reddish purple flowers, the twice-pinnatifid 

 foliage is whitened on the under side, a 

 circumstance to which the name is due. 

 C. candidissima, a native of the Levant, 

 has the lyrately pinnatifld leaves clothed 

 on both surfaces with a white silky tomen- 



tum, which gives it a striking aspect ; and 

 C. Ragusina, a Dalmatian species, has simi- 

 lar foliage : both these latter have yellow 

 flower-heads. 



Of the annual species one of the most 

 remarkable is C. americanus or Plectoce- 

 phalus americanus of some authors, which 

 has a stout erect stem four to five feet or 

 more high, oblong lance-shaped leaves, and 

 very large capitules of a lilac-purple tint. 

 C. depressa is a pretty dwarf plant from 

 the Caucasus, of somewhat procumbent 

 habit, with entire lanceolate leaves, and 

 flowers of a fine blue. Better known than 

 any of the preceding is the common Corn 

 Blue-bottle,C.C2/anMs, an indigenous species 

 of tall slender growth, the foliage greyish, 

 and the flowers, in their wild state mostly 

 of a light blue colour, but in gardens found 

 varying from white to every shade of blue 

 and purple. [W. T.] 



CENTAURE'E DT7 NIL. (Fr.) Centaur ea 

 Crocoelilium. — ODORANTE. Amberboa 

 odorata. — PETITE. Erythrcea Cen- 

 taur ium. 



CENTAURELLA. A North American 

 genus of herbaceous plants, belonging to 

 the gentian family. It has terminal four- 

 parted funnel-shaped flowers, and a one- 

 celled ovary, surmounted by a two-lobed 

 stigma. [M. T. MJ 



CENTAURIDITJM. A genus of Compo- 

 sites. The only species, C. Drummondi, a 

 Texan plant, has great resemblance to some 

 of the knapweeds, but belongs to a dif- 

 ferent section of the family. The plant is 

 biennial, a foot and a half high, much 

 branched, with linear smooth jointed 

 leaves, and single terminal yellow flower- 

 heads. The ray florets are strap-shaped 

 and female ; those of the disc tubular and 

 perfect [A. A. BJ 



CENTAURY. Erythrcea Centaurium. — 

 AMERICAN. A common name for Sab- 

 batia. 



CENTENILLE. (Fr.) Centunculus. 



CENTINODE. (Fr.) Polygonum aviculare. 



CENTRADENIA. A genus of Melas- 

 tomads, containing under- shrubs from 

 Mexico and Central America, with four- 

 sided branches, and opposite leaves (gene- 

 rally unequal in size and unequal-sided), 

 which are ovate or lanceolate, entire, mem- 

 branous, and three-nerved. The racemes 

 are few-flowered, axillary ; the flowers pink 

 or white. Calyx tube four-sided, its limb 

 four-parted; petals four; stamens eight ; the 

 two larger anthers spurred, the others with 

 a glandular appendage to the connective ; 

 ovary free, four-celled, with a ring of hairs 

 at the top. [J. T. S.] 



CENTRANTHERA. A small genus of 

 Scrophularieicece, natives of tropical Asia 

 and Australia. They are scabrous herba- 

 ceous plants, with generally opposite 

 leaves, and almost sessile axillary flowers. 

 The calyx is compressed, and split down 

 the inner margin, entire or two to five- 



