249 



Cf)C Crea£uri? al aSotanj). 



[CEPH 



quantities it acts on the skin, but espe- 

 cially on the bronchial passages. Some 

 persons are so susceptible to the influence 

 of this drug that they cannot remain in a 

 room where there is Ipecacuanha without 

 severe suffering. It is likewise highly 

 esteemed in dysentery, though not so 

 much so now as formerly. Louis XIV. 

 paid 1000 Louis d'or to a physician named 

 Helvetius for the purchase of a remedy for 

 dysentery, under which the Dauphin was 

 then suffering. This remedy was Ipeca- 

 cuanha. Helvetius derived his knowledge 

 of it from a merchant, who from gratitude 

 for attention paid him during illness, by 

 Helvetius, gave the latter some of the 

 root as a remedy for dysentery. [M. T. M.] 



CEPHALAXDRA. A dioecious climbing 

 cucurbitaceous plant, native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope, with thickened branches, 

 simple tendrils, and large orange-yellow 

 flowers with a five-toothed calyx. The five 

 stamens grow in three parcels, inserted 

 into the base of the corolla, and are ad- 

 herent at the top into a globose head bearing 

 the anthers— hence the name of the genus. 

 The fruit is of the size of a pigeon's egg, 

 and of a purple colour. [M. T. M.] 



CEPHAL AXTHERA. A genus of orchids 

 cut off by Richard from Epipactis, which 

 the species entirely resemble in their 

 tough fibrous roots and broad ribbed 

 leaves, not only clothing the whole stem, 

 but passing gradually into bracts. It 

 differs from Epipactis in its anthers being 

 terminal, as in Arethusa, not dorsal. The 

 species have nearly regular white or red 

 half-closed flowers with a saccate hypochil, 

 and do not occur in the Xew "World or 

 the southern hemisphere. In the Old they 

 are found from Western Europe to the 

 extremest East of Asia, in the Japanese 

 Archipelago. C. pallens, ensifolia, and 

 rubra are wild in woods in this country. 



CEPHALAXTHIOI. The capitulum or 

 flower-head of composites. 



CEPHALAXTHPS. A name expressive 

 of the aggregation of the flowers into 

 heads, and applied to a genus of cmcho- 

 naceous plants called in Xorth America 

 Button-wood. The calyx is tubular with 

 an angular four-toothed limb ; the corolla 

 tubular, with a four-toothed limb; the 

 stamens four in number, scarcely pro- 

 truding from the corolla; the style pro- 

 truded for a considerable distance from 

 I the throat of the corolla ; and the stigma 

 capitate. The fruit is inversely pyramidal 

 in shape, crowned by the limb of the 

 calyx, two to four-celled, each cell or com- 

 partment containing one seed, or some- 

 times two of the seeds are absent. The 

 seeds are terminated by a small thickened 

 knob at one end. C. occidentalis is a bushy 

 shrub with leaves opposite, or sometimes 

 three in a whorl, and yellowish white 

 flowers in round heads of the size of a 

 marble. [M. T. M.] 



CEPHALARIA. A semis belonging to 

 the teazelworts, characterised by having 



the leaves, which surround the heads of 

 flowers, shorter than "the appendages which 

 are attached to the surface supporting the 

 flowers. The covering, technically called 

 involucel, which surrounds each flower, is 

 four-sided, with eight grooves, and four to 

 eight teeth at the margin. The name of 

 the genus is derived from the Greek word 

 signifying a 'head,' indicating the form 

 assumed by the groups of flowers. There 

 are about twenty species known, some of 

 which are natives of Middle Europe, 

 others occur in X. Asia and at the Cape; 

 tney are mostly perennial herbs, a few 

 being annual, with opposite leaves, which 

 are either toothed or deeply divided ; the 

 flowers white, yellow, or lilac. [G. D.] 



CEPHALELTXA. A section of Evelyna. 



CEPHALIUM. A peculiar woolly en- 

 largement of the apex of the stem of 

 Melocactus, among whose hairs the flowers 

 i appear. 



J CEPHALODIP/M. A knob-like shield, 

 such as occurs in the genus Scyphoplwrus. 

 Also the capitulum of composites. 



j CEPHALOMAXES. A name under which 

 it has been proposed to separate a few 

 species of Trichomanes, typified by T. 

 javanicum. It is not generally adopted. 



CEPHALOPHORPM. A term employed 

 among fungals, sometimes to denote their 

 receptacle, sometimes their stipe. 

 j CEPHALOTACEiE. The Australian 

 Pitcher-plant, Cephalotus follicularis, a 

 curious herb, with radical leaves mingled 

 with pitchers, is a plant of very doubtful 

 affinity. It has been considered provision- 

 ally as a distinct family, bearing the name 

 of Cephalotacece. It has been compared 

 with Rosacea?, Crassulacece, and Ranun- 

 culacere ; but it will probably ultimately 

 find its place amongst or in the imme- 

 diate neighbourhood of the Saxifragacece. 



CEPHALOTAXP/S. A genus of Coni- 

 \ ferce of the tribe or family of Taxacece, 

 nearly allied to the yew (Taxus), in general 

 habit, foliage, and essential characters; 

 but the male flowers are in small heads, 

 1 consisting of several closely-clustered 

 catkins, and the fleshy disk, instead of 

 forming an open cup round the base of the 

 seed, completely closes over it into an 

 entire pericarp, two or three of these 

 fruits being collected into a drupe-like 

 head. There are four or five speciesknown, 

 all from Japan or Xorth China, one of 

 which, C. Fortuni, is now frequently planted 

 in our collections of conifers. 



CEPHALOTPS. A genus of very singu- 

 lar dwarf pitcher-plants. C. follicularis, 

 the only species, is a native of swampy 

 places in King George's Sound, and may 

 frequently be met with in gardens. It has a 

 very short or contracted stem, with spoon- 

 shaped stalked leaves, among which are 

 mingled small pitcher-like bodies, placed 

 on short stout stalks, and closed at the top 

 with lids like the true pitcher-plants 

 (Nepenthes) . These pitchers are of a green 



