char] 



Cije Creagurp af 23atang. 



264 



CHARIEIS. A genus of the composite 

 order, having the heads of flowers sur- 

 rounded by a covering of scales in two 

 rows, forming an involucre, those of the 

 outer row heing plane, those of the inner 

 keeled ; the receptacle or part supporting 

 the flowers is pitted, the pits slightly 

 toothed at the margin ; the fruit isbroadest 

 at the upper part, having a border com- 

 posed of one row of hairs. The name is 

 derived from the Greek word signifying 

 'graceful' or 'elegant: The only species, 

 C. heterophylla, is an annual, a native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope, having the stem 

 erect, striated and hairy, all the leaves 

 stalkless, the lower ones, opposite, those at 

 the upper part of the stem, alternate, nar- 

 row lance-shaped, and the heads of flowers 

 yellow in the centre, and violet at the cir- 

 cumference. [G. D.] 



CHARLES' SCEPTRE. Pedicularis Scep- 

 trum Carolinum. 



CHARLOCK. Sinapis arvensis. — , 

 JOINTED. The wild Radish, Raphanus 

 Baphanistrum. 



CHARLWOODIA. A genus of Liliacece, 

 closely allied to Cordyline and Dracaena, 

 with the former of which it is, indeed, 

 often associated. Dr. Planchon, in his re- 

 cent revision of the genera of this group of 

 plants, considers it a well-marked genus, 

 sufficiently distinguished from Dracaena 

 by the numerous ovules in each cell, and 

 from both Dracama and Cordyline by the 

 persistent perianth, and by the remarkably 

 biserial insertion of its lobes, which are 

 very much imbricated in their aestivation. 

 Their general habit is that of the Cordy- 

 lines. The type of the genus is C. congesta, 

 an Australasian species, of elegant habit, 

 with elongate nervosely-striate leaves, and 

 crowded many-flowered panicles. Three 

 or four other species are associated with 

 it. [T. M.] 



CHARME COMMTTN. (Fr.) Carpinus Be- 

 tulus. — , HOUBLON, or D'lTALIE. Os- 

 trya vulgaris. 



CHARRAH. The Arabian name for the 

 Trumpet-Gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris cla- 

 vata. 



CHARTACEOUS. Having the texture of 

 writing-paper. 



CHARTOLOMA. A genus of Cruciferw, 

 allied to Isatis, but with the radicle of the 

 embryo bent over the edges of the coty- 

 ledons, not over the back of one of them. 

 The only species, C. platycarpum, is an 

 annual, with oblong sinuate-toothed leaves, 

 yellow flowers, and large deflexed pods, 

 which are eight or ten lines long, by six 

 or eight broad, and are indehiscent, one- 

 celled, and one-seeded. [J. T. S.] 



CHASSE-BOSSE. (Fr.) Lysimachia vul- 

 garis. 



CHASSE-RAGE. Lepidium graminifo- 

 lium. 

 CHASTE TREE. Vitex Agnus-castus. 



CHATAIGNE D'EAU. (Fr.) Trapa na- 



tans. 



CHATAIGNIER. (Pr.) Castanea vul- 

 garis. 



CHATE. The hairy Cucumber, Cucumis 

 Chate. 



CHAIJBARDIA. An obscure genus of 

 orchids, apparently allied to Maxillaria. 

 It is said to have altogether the habit of 



CHAUDRON. (Fr.) Narcissus Pseudo- 

 Narcissus. 



CHAULMOOGRA. The seeds of Gyno- 

 cardia odorata. 



CHAUSSE-TRAPPE. (Fr.) Centranthus 

 Calcitrapa. 



CHAVICA. A genus of Piperacece, pro- 

 ducing two important plants, namely, the 

 Long Pepper and the Betel Pepper. The 

 genus is distinguished from the true pep- 

 pers (Piper) by its perfectly unisexual 

 flowers, which are sessile on spikes placed 

 opposite the leaves, each flower being pro- 

 tected by a stalked quadrangular peltate 

 bract. C. Roxburghii is largely distributed 

 in India, where it is cultivated to furnish 

 the Long Pepper of the shops, which con- 

 sists of the spikes of flowers which, while 

 yet immature are gathered and dried in the 

 sun. The natives employ them for various 

 medicinal purposes, as also the roots, and 

 the stem cut into small pieces. In chemical 

 composition and qualities, Long Pepper re- 

 sembles ordinary black pepper, like which 



Chavica Betel. 



it contains piperin. The Long Pepper which 

 is imported by the Dutch is said to be pro- 

 duced by an allied species, C. oflicinarum. 

 C. Betel, and C. Siriboa furnish the betel 

 already mentioned under Areca ; which 

 see. The betel leaf is chewed with lime, 

 and a slice of the Areca nut. The saliva is 

 tinged of a bright red in consequence. It 

 acts as a powerful stimulant to the diges- 

 tive organs and salivary glands, and causes, 

 when swallowed, giddiness and other un- 



