i 267 



i known representative of this genus is the 

 C. oblique, a peremiial with creeping roous, 

 i erect smooth bluntly four-angled stems, 

 I opposite serrated lanceolate leaves vary- 

 j ing considerably in breadth and aeuteuess, 



■ and flowers in terminal spikes, with 

 I corollas mostly of a rosy-purple colour. 



The so-called G. glabra is now regarded as 

 but one of the forms of C. obliqua. C. 



■ Lyonii, with the same habit, has smaller 

 flowers and longer and thinner leaves. C. 

 nemorosa seems to be intermediate be- 

 tween Clielone and Pentstemon, having the 

 winged seeds of the former genus, with 

 the inflorescence and habit of the latter. 

 It has ovate serrated leaves, and dull 

 purple pentstemon-like flowers produced 

 from the upper axils. It is proper to note 

 that several popular border flowers pass 

 for Chelones which are in fact true Pentste- 

 mons ; as examples may be cited the Pen- 

 tstemon barbatus, P. campanulatus, and 

 P. centranthifolius, all of which have been 

 improperly classed under the present 

 genus, thoush they possess none of its 

 distinguishing features. [W. T.] 



CHEMISE DE NOTRE-DAME. (Fr.) 

 Convolvulus or Calystegia sepium. 



CHENA, or CHAIN A. An inferior kind 

 of Indian Millet, Panicu.ni pilosum ; also 

 sometimes applied to Panicum miliaceum. 



CHENE. (Fr.) Quercus. — A y GRAP- 

 PES. Quercus pedunculata. — ANGOU- 

 MOIS. Quercus Toza. — A' TROCHETS. 

 Quercus sessiliflora. — AU KERME V S. 

 Quercus cocci/era. — BROSSE. Quercus 

 Toza. — COMMUN. Quercus pedunculata 



— CYPRE\3. Quercus fastigiata. — DES 

 PYRE'XE'ES. Quercus fastigiata. — 

 GREC. Quercus 2Egilops. — XOIR D' 

 AMERIQUE. Catalpa longissima. — 

 PETIT. Teucrium Chamcedrys ; and also 

 Veronica Cliamcedrys. — QUERCITRON. 

 Quercus tinctoria. — ROURE. Quercus 

 sessiliflora. — VE'LAXI. Quercus JEgilops. 



— VERT or YEUSE. Quercus Rex. — 

 TAUZIX or TOZA. Quercus Tauza. — 

 ZAXG or ZEEX. Quercus Mirbeckii. 



CHEXILLETTE. (Fr.) Scorpiurus. 



CHEXOPODIACE.E. (Clienopods, the 

 Goose-foot family.) A natural order of 

 monochlamydeous dicotyledons, characte- 

 rising Lindley'scheuopodalalliance. Herbs 

 or undershrubs with alternate sometimes 

 opposite leaves without stipules, and 

 small flowers which are sometimes uni- 

 sexual, i.e. have stamens and pistils in 

 separate flowers. Perianth (calyx) deeply- 

 divided, sometimes tubular at the base, 

 persistent ; stamens inserted into the 

 base of the perianth and opposite to its 

 divisions. Ovary free, one-celled, with a 

 single ovule attached to its base. Fruit an 

 utricle (inflated) or an achene, sometimes 

 succulent ; embryo curved round mealy 

 | albumen, or spirally curved without albu- 

 ' men Inconspicuous plants found in 

 waste places in all parts of the world, but 

 i abounding in extra-tropical regions. Many 

 i of them, as species of Salicornia. and Sali- 



K\)t Crca£urg ai 330tanji. 



CHEN 



sola, inhabit salt-marshes in the northern 

 part of Europe and Asia. Some of them 

 are used as potherbs; for instance, spinach, 

 (Spinacia oleracea), orach (Atriplex liorten- 

 sis), beet (Beta vulgaris), English mercury 

 (Clienopodium Bonus Henricus), Australian 

 spinach {Clienopodium erosuni). The man- 

 gold-wurzel is a variety of beet used for 

 the food of cattle. The beet is much cul- 

 tivated in France for its sugar. Some of the 

 plants yield soda, others supply essential 

 oils which render them useful in cases of 

 worms and in spasmodic diseases. The 

 seeds of Clienopodium Quinoa are used as 

 food in Peru. They abound in starch, but 

 have a bitterish taste. The seeds of Clieno- 

 podium Bonus Henricus are used in the 

 manufacture of shagreen. There are 

 seventy-four known genera and 533 spe- 

 cies. Illustrative genera : Salicornia, Atri- 

 plex, Spinacia, Beta, Blitum, Salsola, Clie- 

 nopodium. [J. H. B.] 



CHENOPODIUM. A genus of annual 

 and perennial herbs giving its name to 

 the natural order of chenopods, and chiefly 

 remarkable for the weedy character of the 

 species composing it, of which the Com- 

 mon Goosefoot, a plant found everywhere 

 in waste places, with triangular leaves 

 covered with a whitish mealiness, and nu- 

 merous small flowers in terminal clusters, 

 is an example. It includes, however, a 

 few species interesting for their utility, 

 and one which has some merit as an orna- 

 mental plant. The latter is C. Atriplicis, a 

 tall branched annual of erect pyramidal 

 habit, growing four to five feet high, with 

 reddish stems, rhomboidly-ovate and 

 often sinuate leaves, covered while young 

 with a glittering purple meal, and numer- 

 ous small flowers in terminal compound 

 spikes of a dark-purple colour, and also 

 clothed with purple meal. C. ambrosioides, 

 I or Mexican Tea, the Ambrina ambrosioides 

 ! of some botanists, a tropical species, con- 

 tains an essential oil to which it owes 

 tonic and antispasmodic properties ; and 

 C. anthelminticum, a species differing from 

 the preceding, of which it is perhaps but a 

 variety, chiefly in its leaves being more 

 deeply cleft, and the flower-spike mostly 

 leafless, yields the wormseed oil, a popular 

 vermifuge in the United States. The 

 species to which the greatest interest 

 attaches is, however, C. Quinoa, indigenous 

 to the Pacific slopes of the Andes, where 

 it is largely cultivated in Peru and Chili 

 for the sake of its seeds, which are exten- 

 sively used as an article of food. They are 

 prepared either by boiling in water like 

 rice or oatmeal, a kind of gruel being the 

 result, which is seasoned with the Chili 

 pepper and other condiments ; or the 

 grains are slightly roasted like coffee, 

 boiled in water and strained, the brown- 

 coloured broth thus prepared being 

 seasoned as in the first process. This 

 second preparation is called ' carapulque,' 

 and is said to be a favourite dish with the 

 ladies of Lima. However prepared, the 

 Quinoa is unpalatable to strangers, though 

 it is probably a nutritious article of food 



