CHLO] 



Cf)e Ercatfurg al 330tang. 



272 



lip bifid, and the lower tripartite, the middle 

 lobe being the longest. The four didyna- 

 mous stamens are inserted in the corolla- 

 tube, and the ovary is four-celled, with a 

 single ovule in each cell ; the slender 

 style, as long as the stamens, has a bifid 

 stigma. The capsule is dicoccous, each 

 coccus being two-celled. [W. C] 



CHLOIDIA. Among the terrestrial 

 orchids with the habit of small^bamboos 

 are two species referred to Neottia by 

 Swartz : N. flava and N. polystachya, the 

 first found in swamps in Jamaica and 

 Brazil, the second inhabiting barrens on 

 the highest mountains of Jamaica. Both 

 look like a Corymbis or Cnemidia. They 

 seem to fill the same position among 

 Neottece as Evelyna among Epidendrece. 

 C. decumbens is six feet high ; but C. ver- 

 nalis is not more than a foot. 



CHLORA. An annual herbaceous plant, 

 well marked among the Gentianacece by 

 its eight-cleft flowers and eight stamens. 

 G. perfoliata, called Tellowwort, the only 

 British example, is a singularly erect slen- 

 der plant, about a foot high, with but few 

 root-leaves, opposite stem-leaves which 

 are united at the base (connate), and stems 

 which are forked towards the extremity, 

 having a single flower in each fork and 

 others crowded at the extremity. The 

 whole plant is perfectly smooth and of a 

 decided glaucous hue. The flowers, which 

 are rather large, and of a delicate clear 

 yellow, expand only during the sunshine, 

 like the genus Erythrcea, to which Clilora 

 is allied. The whole plant is intensely 

 bitter, and may be employed with ad- 

 vantage as a tonic; it also dyes yellow. 

 It is of tolerably common occurrence in 

 chalky pastures, especially near the sea. 

 Two other species resembling C. perfoliata 

 in habit occur on the European continent, 

 one a native of Germany and Hungary, the 

 other of Southern Europe. French, Chlore; 

 German, Bikerkraut. [C. A. J.] 



CHLORiEA. An extensive genus of 

 terrestrial orchids exclusively found in 

 the southern districts of South America. 

 Botanically they are allied to Arethusa, 

 although very different in habit from that 

 genus. Their roots are coarse fascicled 

 tr'.utinous fibres. The leaves are all radical. 

 The scape is clothed with thin herbaceous 

 sheaths. The flowers grow in spikes or 

 racemes in the manner of the genus Orchis, 

 are greenish, whitish, or yellow, occasion- 

 ally marked by deep brown specks. Some 

 thirty or forty species are known, none of 

 which are in cultivation, although they 

 have been occasionally introduced, among 

 which is the plant called, in the Botanical 

 Magazine (t. 2956), Ulantha grandifiora, the 

 native country of which is unknown. 



CHLORANTHACEiE. A small family of 

 dicotyledons with flowers of a very simple 

 structure, allied to those of Piperacece and 

 Saurnracea?. They are trees, shrubs, or 

 rarely herbs, with opposite leaves con- 

 nected by sheathing stipules. The minute 



flowers are in simple or branched terminal 

 spikes, often articulate, as in Gnetum. 

 There is no perianth. One or more sta- 

 mens are adnate to the ovary when the 

 flowers are hermaphrodite. The ovary con- 

 tains a single pendulous ovule, and is 

 crowned by a thickened sessile stigma. 

 The fruit is a small drupe, the embryo 

 very minute in the top of a fleshy albumen. 

 There are but very few species, all tropical 

 and contained in two genera: Chlorantlius 

 in Asia, and Hedyosmum in America, 



CHLORANTHUS. A genus of tropical 

 Cliloranthacece, the only floral envelope of 

 which is a very small calyx, consisting of 

 one scale adhering to the side of the ovary. 

 It consists of small evergreen shrubs, 

 having jointed stems with tumid articu- 

 lations, and opposite simple leaves with 

 minute intervening stipules. The appa- 

 rently single stamen, which is the most 

 remarkable part of its structure, consists 

 of three, the central one of which has a 

 perfect two-celled anther, and the other 

 two, one on each side of it, have only half 

 an anther, so that they are only one-celled; 

 or the two lateral half anthers may be 

 deficient, leaving a single perfect stamen. 

 They are attached to the side of the ovary 

 immediately above the calyx. The three 

 stamens grow together except at their 

 points, so as to become monadelphous, 

 which has given rise to different opinions 

 as to their structure. The ovary is one 

 celled, consisting of a single carpel with 

 one pendulous ovule ; and the seed has a 

 large quantity of albumen, the embryo 

 being very minute. 



Chloranthus inconspicuus. 



The roots of C. officinalis, a native of 

 Java, occasionally seen in our hot-houses, 

 are an aromatic stimulant, which, Dr. 

 Blume states, has proved of the greatest 

 service in a typhus fever of that island, 

 accompanied with symptoms of extreme 

 debility, languid pulse, and stupor. It 

 was also employed most beneficially in 

 malignant intermittent fever; and he adds 



