273 



3TI)C 5Trca£uvp of 2S0tanjn 



[CHLO 



there can be no doubt that it is one of the 



most valuable stimulants in such cases. 



It was given in infusion, and was usually 



1 combined with a decoction of Cedrela 



•■ Toona. The roots are also employed there 



with the greatest success, mixed with 



carminatives, as anise, in the malignant 



' small-pox in children. C. brachystachys 



J has similar properties. [B. C] 



The detached flowers of C. inconspicuus, 

 I which are fragrant, are used in China under 

 I the name of Chu-lan, for scenting some of 

 ■ the perfumed teas. They are placed with 

 • the prepared leaves in alternate layers 

 1 under pressure, and thus impart their 

 fragrance to the leaves. [T. M.] 



CHLORETTE. (Fr.) Chlora perfoliata. 



CHLORIS. A genus of grasses, typical 

 of the tribe Clilor idee?, distinguished chiefly 

 hy the spikes of inflorescence being in 

 finger-like fascicles, rarely two, or only 

 one. Flowers polygamous ; glumes two, 

 containing from two to six florets ; lower 

 flowers one to three, hermaphrodite ; male 

 flowers often stalked ; pales with terminal 

 awns ; stamens three ; styles two. Sixty- 

 nine species are described in SteudeTs 

 Synopsis, and these are mostly natives of 

 warm, dry countries, and consequently 

 require the protection of a conservatory 

 in Britain. C. radiata is a pretty annual 

 grass, frequently cultivated in green- 

 houses, in consequence of its ornamental 

 and curious appearance. Many of the 

 other species are handsome also. [D. MJ 



CHLORO. In Greek compounds =green. 



CHLOROCHROUS. Having a green skin. 



CHLOROPHYLL. The green resinous 

 i granular colouring matter secreted below 

 j the surface of plants. 



CHLOROSA latifoUn, is an insignificant 

 Javanese orchid, allied to Neottia and 

 Cryptostylis, from the latter of which it 

 differs in the pollen, which is strictly 

 powdery, and in the anther, which is ter- 

 minal. It has small insignificant green 

 flowers. 



CHLOROSIS. One of the most formid- 

 able diseases to which plants are subject, 

 and often admitting of no remedy, espe- 

 cially where it is constitutional. It con- 

 sists in a pallid condition of the plant, in 

 which the tissues are weak and unable to 

 contend against severe changes, and the 

 cells are more or less destitute of chlo- 

 rophyll. It is. distinct from blanching, 

 because it may exist in plants exposed to 

 direct light on a south border, but is often 

 produced or aggravated by cold ungenial 

 weather and bad drainage. Plants may, 

 however, be affected by this disease as 

 soon as the cotyledons make their appear- 

 ance, and the seedlings of chlorotine 

 plants partake often of the weak consti- 

 tutor of the parent. The best culture 

 ! will not always restore such plants to 

 health. The most promising remedy is 

 watering them with a very weak solution 

 of sulphate of iron. Many forms exist, of 



which those of clover, onions, cucumbers, 

 and melons, are perhaps the best known. 

 Melons have become so subject to chlorosis, 

 from some unknown cause, that their cul- 

 tivation is daily becoming more difficult ; 

 and cucumbers are still more generally 

 affected, the fruit even partaking of the 

 malady, and not only losing its brilliant 

 green, but becoming distorted from gum- 

 ming and partial decay. [M. J. B.] 



CHLOROSPERME^l. One of the three 



great divisions of Alga? characterised by 

 the green colour of the spores. To this 

 there are occasional exceptions, and in 

 some of these the spores are originally 

 green. The species are in general far less 

 compound than in the two other orders, 

 though in some instances the phenomena 

 of fructification are more striking. The 

 green powdery or gelatinous productions, 

 i which are so common upon damp walls or 

 ! rocks ; the curious microscopic few-celled 

 , productions which abound in our pools 

 or infest other Algie ; the green floating 

 ' masses which form a scum upon our pools, 

 or the shrubby tufts of the same colour in 

 running streams or on sea rock ; the flat 

 filmy membranes which occur both in 

 fresh and salt water, are so many mem- 

 ; hers of the division ; to which may be 

 i added, the spongy Codiums and the herba- 

 . ceous tinted Caulerpce, which often assume 

 I the more solid appearance of the more per- 

 fect A Igce. In a few genera large quantities 

 of carbonate of lime are deposited, so as 

 to give them a coral-like appearance. To 

 I avoid repetition the peculiar features of 

 j each group will be stated in its proper 

 place. In Diatomaceae the spores, which 

 ! are however rarely produced, their multi- 

 plication being chiefly effected byrepeated 

 cell divisions, are of a yellow brown, and 

 in an artificial system they might be re- 

 ferred to the M elan o sperms. Though, how- 

 ever, they are in some respects so peculiar 

 as to stand apart from other Alga3, they 

 are so closely connected with Desmidiacece, 

 that they can scarcely be separated from 

 time Chlorosperms. 



The spores of most members of this 

 great division when they are first liberated 

 are endowed with active motion, which is 

 produced by long thorny-like appendages 

 and by short cilia?. In most cases they are 

 very minute. Such spores are called, from 

 their resemblance to Infusoria, Zoosperms. 

 In some instances, as in Gov jugate, the ad- 

 mixture of the contents of two contiguous 

 cells, either in the same or different in- 

 dividuals, is requisite for the production 

 of the perfect spore. In the latter case, 

 short lateral tubes are thrown out, by 

 means of which different threads are 

 united, or they become adherent without 

 any distinct connecting thread. Male 

 organs have been found in many of the 

 divisions. [M. J. BJ 



CHLOROXTLON. A genus of Cedre- 

 lacece, generically distinguished by its 

 fruit having only three cells, and split- 

 ting into three parts instead of five. 

 The Satin-wood tree of India, C. Swietenia, 



