cist] 



Cfje gnrougurj) ai Statang. 



290 



is said to be obtained by boiling in water 

 the summits of the branches. It has an 

 odour similar to that of the former, but is 

 not in much repute. 



A much more common plant in gardens 

 is C. cyprius, which is often confounded 

 with the former, but has large and al- 

 ways solitary flowers, while this has three 

 or four flowers on a common stalk'; the 

 leaves are also stalked, while in C. ladani- 

 ferus they are sessile. 



One of the most beautiful of the rosy- 

 flowered species is C. vaginatus, a native 

 of Teneriffe. Its hairy leaves are lance- 

 shaped, three-nerved, and dilated towards 

 the base, while the splendid large rose- 

 coloured flowers are very numerous and in 

 terminal panicles. The petals are crumpled 

 and have wavy margins, bent inwards, 

 with a yellow spot at their base. A large 

 •number are in cultivation, and upwards, 

 of thirty coloured figures of these plants 

 are given in Sweet's Cistinece. [A. A. B.] 



CISTUS, GROUND. Rhododendron Cha- 

 mcBcistus. — ,GUM. Cistus ladaniferus, 

 and C. Ledon. 



CISTUSRAPES. A name given by 

 Lindley to the group of Cytinaceous 



parasites. 



CITHAREXYLON. A considerable ge- 

 nus of trees or shrubs, belonging to the 

 order Verbenacece, natives of tropical and 

 sub-tropical America. They have tetra- 

 gonous sometimes spiny branches, oppo- 

 site or verticillate leaves, and small race- 

 mose flowers each with a minute bracteole. 

 The persistent calyx is cup-shaped or 

 tubular ; the limb of the corolla is sub- 

 equally five-parted. The included stamens 

 are inserted below the throat of the co- 

 rolla on short filaments ; they are sub- 

 equal or the fifth is shorter than the 

 others, sometimes rudimentary and ste- 

 rile, on altogether absorbed. The ovary 

 is four-celled, with one ovule in each cell. 

 The juicy drupe is surrounded by the large 

 cup-shaped calyx, and is two-stoned, each 

 stone being two-celled. [W. C] 



CITREOUS, CITRINOUS. Lemon-co^ 

 loured. 



CITRIOBATUS. A genus of small 

 thorny Austraiian trees or shrubs belong- 

 ing to Pittosporacece. Leaves alternate, 

 shortly stalked, obovate, leathery, entire. 

 Flowers small, solitary,sessile,axiliary,with 

 five sepals bracteated at the base ; five pe- 

 tals united at the base; and five stamens. 

 Fruit an orange berry with a leathery 

 skin, sub-globular, about one inch and a 

 half in diameter, eaten by the natives; 

 seeds large. The plants are called the 

 Native Orange and Orange Thorn by the 

 Australian colonists. [J, T. S.] 



CITRIOSMA. A genus of opposite- 

 leaved bushes or small trees belonging to 

 the Monimiacece, confined to the tropical 

 parts of South America, and numbering 

 u pwards of fifty species. A large propor- 

 tion of them have their parts, especially 

 the leaves, covered with glands which 



secrete an oily substance of a strong 

 citron odour. Some of the species are 

 known on this account by the name of 

 Limoncillo, and the genus also derives its 

 name from this circumstance. The leaves, 

 sometimes three or four in a whorl, are 

 either entire or toothed, and very often 

 covered with rusty hairs, but sometimes 

 smooth. The small green or yellow 

 flowers without petals are numerous, dis- 

 posed in axillary cymes, and either male 

 and female on the same or on different 

 plants. They are made up of a three or 

 six-lobed cup-shaped calyx, which in the 

 male encloses few or many stamens, and 

 in the female a number of one-celled and 

 one-seeded ovaries, each with a simple 

 style ; these are at length entirely en- 

 veloped by the fleshy tube of the calyx. 

 This latter circumstance serves to dis- 

 tinguish the genus from its allies. The 

 fruit is about the size of a pea when ripe. 

 The name of the genus was formerly 

 written Citrosma. [A. A. B.] 



CITRON. Citrus medica. — , FINGERED. 

 Sarcodactylis. 



CITRONELLA. Andropogon citratum, 

 which yields an essential oil used in 

 perfumery. 



CITRONELLE. (Fr.) Artemisia Abro- 

 tanum. 



CITRONNELLE. (Fr.) Melissa offici- 

 nalis. * 



CITRONNIER. (Fr.) Citrus medica. 



CITRONWORTS. A name given by 

 Lindley to the family of aurantiaceous 

 plants to which the orange and citron 

 belong. 



CITROUILLE. (Fr.) A race of large 



oblong Gourds derived from Cucurbita 

 Pepo. — , PASTE V QUE. Cucumis Citrullus. 



CITRUL. The Water Melon, Cucumis 

 Citmllus. 



CITRULLUS. The bitter Cucumber or 

 Colocynth, which furnishes a well-known 

 cathartic drug, belongs to this genus of 

 the gourd family, Cucurbita cece, and is 

 known by its unisexual flowers, which 

 have a persistent five-parted calyx and 

 corolla. In the male flowers, the stamens 

 are five, united into three bundles, and the 

 anthers are sinuous. The female flowers 

 have an inferior three to six-celled ovary, 

 a cylindrical three-cleft style, and kidney- 

 shaped stigmas. The fruit is a many- 

 seeded gourd. C. Colocynthis was origin- 

 ally a native of the warmer parts of Asia, 

 but has now become widely diffused. The 

 drug known as Colocynth consists of the 

 round fruits or gourds, which are im- 

 ported either with the rind on or peeled, 

 from Spain, the Levant, &c. The pulp 

 in the interior of the fruit is light and 

 spongy, and very bitter ; from it a watery 

 extract is made, which is much employed 

 as a purgative in the form of pills. Some 

 discrepancy exists as to the seeds of this 

 plant, which some describe as bland and 



