295 



Wfyt Ereagurfl at SSatang. 



CLAV 



■with a globular five-lobed stigma ; capsule 

 sub-globose, five-celled. [J. T. S.] 



CLAXDE8TIXA. A genus of Oroban- 

 chacece containing a single species, a para- 

 site on roots in damp woods in the South 

 of Europe. It is a small plant with a 

 short branching scaly subterraneous stem, 

 the bluish-violet flowers being seen in 

 clusters rising from the apex of the stem 

 as if from the earth. The four-cleft 

 calyx is bell-shaped ; the upper lip of the 

 corolla helmet-shaped, the lower short and 

 bifid. The ovary is surrounded at the 

 base by a half-moon-shaped hypogynous 

 giand. The capsular fruit contains four or 

 five seeds attached to two linear parietal 

 placenta?. This genus is nearly related to 

 Lathrcea, in which it was formerly in- 

 cluded; it differs chiefly in having erect 

 flowers, and a definite number of seeds on 

 small placentas. [W. C] 



CLAOXYLOX. A genus of Euphor- 

 biacece composed of trees or shrubs, natives 

 of the tropical portions of the eastern 

 hemisphere. They are nearly allied to 

 JJercurialis, but differ in their arborescent 

 habit as well as in the petal-like disc of the 

 female flowers. The leaves are long- 

 stalked, oval or lanceolate, and entire or 

 toothed at the margins. The nerves of 

 the leaves and the various parts of the 

 flowers of many species are deejly tinged 

 with a dark red colouring matter which is 

 said to be used as a dye. The inconspicu- 

 ous generally green flowers are arranged 

 in slender racemes furnished with bracts, 

 each bearing in its axil a cluster of 

 flowers ; these in the male are made up 

 of a calyx with three or four deep divi- 

 sions enclosing numerous stamens; and 

 in the female of a similar calyx enclosing 

 a three-lobed ovary, crowned with a three- 

 branched style, and seated on a disc 

 formed by three dark red petal-like glands. 

 The capsular fruits are three-celled, about 

 the size of a pea, and each cell contains 

 one seed. [A. A. B.] 



CLARKIA. A small genus of onagrads, 

 indigenous to California and North West- 

 ern America, contributing to our gardens 

 two of the best known and most esteemed 

 of popular annuals. The genus is well 

 characterised by its clawed petals, eight 

 stamens, of which the alternate four are 

 shortest and sterile, four-lobed stigma 

 with broad roundish spreading lobes, and 

 j cylindrical four-furrowed four-celled seed- 

 vessel, opening when ripe by four valves. 

 I The species are all erect branching plants, 

 I with entire or toothed foliage, and showy 

 ' reddish-purple flowers produced singly 

 from the axils of the leaves. C. pulcheda 

 has the largest flowers, and is remarkable 

 in its typical form for its petals being 

 three-lobed with a tooth on each side of 

 the claw, though in the variety integru- 

 aetata of garden origin the lobes are ob- 

 literated. The leaves of this species are 

 long and narrowly lance-shaped, quite en- 

 tire, and the stem and branches are droop- 

 ing at the summit before the expansion of , 



the flowers. C. elegans is a taller plant 

 with slender twiggy shoots, quite erect in 

 all stages of their growth, ovate toothed 

 foliage, the flower-buds drooping before 

 expansion, and the bluntly rhomboidal 

 petals quite undivided. [W. T.] 



CLARY. Salvia Sclarea. Horminum 

 Clary is Salvia Horminum, and Vervain 

 Clary, Salvia Yerbenaca. 



CLATHRUS. A genus of gasteromyce- 

 tous Fungi belonging to the phalloid group, 

 remarkable at once for the beauty of their 

 colour and elegance of form, combined 

 with the most abominable odour. The recep- 

 tacle to which the deliquescent fruit-bear- 

 ing cells are attached, forms a scarlet net- 

 work, which bursts forth from a gelatin- 

 ous volva. In C. crispus, which occurs in 

 warmer climates, the edge of the meshes 

 is beautifully crisped. The closely-allied 

 Ileodictyon cibarium is known to the New 

 Zealanders by a name implying Thunder- 

 dirt, and forms a coarse article of food. C. 

 cancellatus is common in the south of Eu- 

 rope, and occurs occasionally in the south- 

 ern parts of England, as at Torquay and the 

 Isle of Wight, also in Ireland. [M. J. B.] 



CLATHRUS (adj. CLATHRATUS). A 

 lattice ; a membrane pierced with holes 

 and forming a kind of grating, as in the Ou- 

 virandra fenestralis. 



CLAUDEA. The most beautiful genus 

 of rose-spored Algce. It is named after 

 Claude Lamouroux, a distinguished French 

 algologist. Three species only are known, 

 of which two occur on the coasts of Aus- 

 tralia and Tasmania, and the third on those 

 of Ceylon. The frond proceeds from a 

 thread-shaped stem, which is continued 

 into the marginal rib of a flat unilateral 

 open net-work formed of several series of 

 anastomosing slender mid-ribbed leaflets. 

 Each net-work,when fully formed, is ten to 

 twelve inches long, and about an inch 

 broad, and is elegantly recurved like a 

 scimetar. The capsules are in the mid- 

 rib of metamorphosed primary and se- 

 condary leaflets, and contain at the base 

 a dense tuft of pedicellate pyriform spores. 

 The tetrasperms are contained in the 

 swollen bars of the second series of net- 

 work in transverse rows. ' C. elegans some- 

 times grows at the mouth of rivers where 

 the saltness is much modified, and then 

 assumes a large size with increased 

 delicacy. The above account is taken 

 from Dr. Harvey's Phycologia Australasica , 

 a work which ought to be in the hands 

 of every lover of seaweeds. [M. J. B.] 



CLAUDINETTE. (Fr.) Narcissus poeti- 

 cus. 



CLAUSILE. A name given by Richard 

 to his macropodal embryo, when its radi- 

 cle is united by the edges and entirely in- 

 closes all the rest of it. 



CLAVALIER. (Fr.) Xanthoxylon Clava 

 Herculis. 



CLAVARIA. A genus of the clavate 

 division, Chivariei, of hyinenomycetous 



