345 



Wfyt Erca^urg at 23ntani?. 



[CEEM 



I ins generally in having cut leaves, white i 

 fragrant flowers, and scarlet hemes, 

 though there are exceptions to all these 

 characters. All are hardy and ripen their 

 fruit in the climate of Great Britain, and 



1 being very ornamental, both when in flower 

 and fruit, are highly prized by the land- | 

 scape gardener. C. Oxuacantha, the Haw- 

 thorn, is to be met with on a dry soil in ! 

 most parts of Europe, in the North of 



. Africa, and in Western Asia, varying greatly 

 in size according to soil and climate, and 



• presenting in the shape, size, and surface 



■ of its leaves, and in the colour of its 

 berries, numberless shades of difference. 



! The leaves vary also in their amount of 

 pubescence ; and the flowers, though gene- 

 rally white and fragrant, sometimes have 

 ! an unpleasant fishy smell ; they are either 

 tinged with red, or, in some cultivated 

 varieties, are of a full pink or crimson, 

 i The fruit or ' haw,' too, varies greatly in 

 ; size, shape, and colour, being sometimes 

 oblong, sometimes nearly globular, some- 

 1 times downy, at other times smooth and 

 polished. Varieties have been observed in 

 I which it changes its usual crimson hue for 

 I black, orange, golden-yellow, or white. In 

 ! some districts, each haw contains a single 

 1 nut, in others they more frequently contain 

 i two. Tn spite, however, of all these liabili- 

 ties to variation, a hawthorn tree can be 



■ distinguished at any season of the year 

 i without recourse being had to botanical 

 [ characters ; and a mere cursory examina- 

 i tion of almost any other species of cratas- 



gus will suffice to assign it to its proper 

 genus. Most of the cultivated species 

 blossom in the month which has given to 

 the Common Hawthorn the name of May- 

 tree ; but no one of them is more worthy 

 of the title than that which has so long 

 held it. Collections of thorns exist in 

 various places in Europe, some containing 

 from fifty to eighty sorts, including varie- 

 ties : for a full account of which the reader 

 should consult Loudon's Arboretum Britan- 

 nicum. French, Aubepine ; German, Hage- 

 dorn. The hawthorn is the badge of the 

 Ogilvies. [C. A. J.] 



CRATERA. The cup-shaped receptacle 

 of certain fungals. 



CRATERIFORM. Concave, hemisphe- 

 rical, a little contracted at the base. 



CRAT^EVA. A genus of the caper 

 family consisting of shrubs or trees, natives 

 of tropical regions, whose flowers have a 

 four-parted calyx, a corolla of four stalked 

 petals inserted on the margin of a hemi- 

 spherical fleshy receptacle, and eight to 

 twenty stamens inserted with the petals ; 

 ovary on a long stalk ; stigma sessile ; berry 

 globalar.one or two-celled, containing pulpy 

 matter, in which the seeds are imbedded. 

 C. Xurvala, a native of Malabar and the 

 Society Isles, i3 a sacred tree in the latter 

 islands, and is planted in graveyards. Its 

 leaves are aromatic, bitter, and stomachic, 

 and other parts of the tree are likewise 

 used medicinally. The bark of the root of 

 C. rjynand.ru, the Garlic Pear, blisters like 



cantharides. Some of the species have a 

 strong smell of garlic. [M. T. MJ 



CRATOXYLON. A genus of opposite- 

 leaved bushes or small trees of the St. 

 John's wort family, found in the Malayan 

 peninsula, China, Java, and the adjacent 

 islands. Its chief distinguishing cha- 

 racters are the winged seeds, contained in 

 a three-celled capsule, which when ripe is 

 surrounded by the withered calyx. The 

 leaves are stalked, or sessile and entire, 

 generally lance-shaped or elliptical in form, 

 but sometimes oboval. The flowers are 

 white, chocolate, or rose-coloured, arranged 

 in terminal panicles, or arising from the 

 axils of the leaves. They have a five-leaved 

 calyx, five roundish petals, and three or 

 five parcels of stamens surrounding an 

 ovary crowned with three styles. About 

 ten species are known. C. Hornschuchii, a 

 Javanese species, is said to be slightly as- 

 tringent and diuretic. [A. A. B.] 



CRAWFURDIA. A genus of Nepalese 

 gentianaceous herbs with twining stems 

 and large axillary flowers. They have a 

 bell-shaped corolla whose limb is five-cleft, 

 or ten-cleft, with five of the divisions 

 smaller than the rest ; filaments of the 

 five stamens dilated; ovary one-celled, 

 style straight ; stigma two-cleft with ob- 

 long recurved lobes; disc hypogynous, 

 five-lobed; capsule stalked, one-celled, 

 many-seeded. [M. T. M.] 



CREAM-COLOUR. White, verging to 

 yellow, with little lustre. 



CREAM FRUIT. Roupellia grata. 



CREAM OF TARTAR TREE. Adanso- 

 nia Gregorii. 



CREEPER, TRUMPET. An American 

 name for Tecoma radicans. 



CREMANIUM. A genus of tropical 

 American shrubs or small trees belonging 

 to Melastomacece. They have terminal 

 panicles of small white flowers with the 

 parts in fours or fives ; the stamens twice 

 as many as the petals ; the berry globose, 

 depressed at the apex, blue or violet, ad- 

 hering to the circumsessile calyx, with 

 three to five cells, and numerous seeds. G. 

 reclinatum and tinctorium yield a yellow 

 dye. [J. T. SJ 



CREMASTRA. A little-known genus of 

 terrestrial orchids from India and Japan, 

 with broad ribbed leaves, and radical scapes 

 bearing each a spike of dull-red tubular 

 flowers. Two species are known. Hyacinth- 

 orchis of Blume is the same genus. 



CREME D' ABSINTHE. A bitter aro- 

 matic liqueur prepared from Artemisia 

 Mutellina'and A. spicata. 



CREMOCARP. Such fruits as that of 

 umbellifers, consisting of two or more 

 indehiscent inferior one-seeded carpels 

 adhering round a distinct and separable 

 axis. 



CREMOLOBUS. A genus of Cruciferce 

 from Peru and Chili, consisting of herbs or 



