347 



&§t Crnttfurg of SSfltang. 



[CRIN 



seeds. They are usually trees with alter- 

 nate or rarely opposite leaves, and rather 

 large flowers growing out of the old stems 

 or branches. Calyx at first undivided, but 

 at length splitting into irregular pieces. 

 Corolla gamopetalous, irregular, somewhat 

 two-lipped; stamens four, inserted in the 

 corolla, two long and two short, often with 

 the rudiment of a fifth; ovary free, one- 

 celled, with two or four parietal placentas ; 

 ovules numerous. Fruit woody, not split- 

 ting, and containing large seeds immersed 

 in pulp ; embryo without albumen. They 

 are tropical and subtropical plants, extend- 

 ing from 30° S. to 30° X. ; they abound in 

 Madagascar, the Mauritius, the Seychelles, 

 and other islands of Eastern Africa. In 

 America they are represented by ten species, 

 in Asia by two only, and they are not found 

 in Europe.nor on the continent of Australia. 

 Some, as Kigelia pinnata, yield timber, 

 which is used for canoes and for pillars. 

 Crescentia Cujete is the Calabash tree, whose 

 gourd-like fruits have been seen two feet 

 in diameter in the west of Africa. A large 

 Calabash can support two men in crossing 

 a river. Parmentiera cerifera yields wax, 

 and is called the Candle-tree in Panama. 

 The fruit of P. edulis is the Quexhilote of 

 Mexico, and is edible. The fruit of Tanae- 

 cium lilacinum and of Colea Telfairice is 

 eaten. There are eleven known genera and 

 thirty-four species. Illustrative genera : — 

 Crescentia, Parmentiera, Colea, Kigelia, 

 and Tandecium. [J. H. B.] 



CRESS, AMERICAX. Barbarea prcecox. 

 —, AMERICAX WATER. Cardamine ro- 

 tundifolia. — , AUSTRALIAX. The Golden 

 Cress, a broad yellowish-leaved variety of 

 Lepidium sativum. — , BASTARD. The com- 

 mon name for Tlilaspi. — , BELLEISLE. 

 Barbarea prcecox. — , BITTER. A common 

 name for Cardamine. — , GARDEX. Lepi- 

 dium sativum. — , GOLDEX. A variety of 

 Lepidium sativum. — , IXDIAX. Tropmo- 

 lum majus ; the name of Indian Cresses is 

 also given to the order Tropceolacea?. — , 

 LAXD. Barbarea vulgaris. —.MEADOW. 

 Cardamine pratensis. — , MOUSE-EAR. 

 Arabis Thaliana. — , PARA'. Spilanthes 

 oleracea. — , PENNY. Thlaspi arvense. 

 — , PETER'S. An old name for Crithmum 

 maritimum. — , ROCK. A common name 

 for Arabis ; also an old name for Crithmum 

 maritimum. — , SPANISH. Lepidium Car- 

 damines. — , SPRIXG. Cardamine rhom- 

 boidea. — , SWIXE'S. Senebiera Coronopus. 



j — THALE. Arabis Thaliana. — , TOOTH. 



I A common name for Dentaria. — , TOWER. 

 Arabis Turrita. — , VIOLET. Ionopsidium 

 acaule. — , WALL. Arabis Thaliana : also 

 a common name for Arabis. — , WART. 

 Senebiera, Coronopus ; also a common name 

 for Senebiera. — , WATER. Nasturtium 

 officinale. — , WINTER. Barbarea vulgaris ; 

 also a common name for Barbarea. — , 

 YELLOW. Nasturtium palustre, and N. 

 amphibium. 



CRESSA. A genus of Convolvulaceo?, con- 

 taining probably a single species, though 

 very variable from the different conditions 

 under which the plant grows, as it is a 



common sublittoral undershrub in tropi- 

 cal and sub-tropical regions all over the 

 world. It has scattered entire leaves, and 

 crowded flowers in the axils of the upper- 

 most leaves. The calyx consists of four 

 sepals; the corolla is funnel-shaped and 

 five-cleft; the ovary is two-celled with 

 two ovules in each cell; the capsule con- 

 tains from one to four seeds. [W. C.] 



CRESSON ALE'XOIS. (Fr/> Lepidium 

 sativum. — AMER. Cardamine amara. 



— D'EAU or DE FONTAINE. Nasturtium 

 officinale. — DE PARA'. Spilanthes oleracea. 



— DES JARDINS. Lepidium sativum. — 

 DES PRE'S. Cardamine pratensis. — DU 

 BRE'SIL. Spilanthes fusca, — DU PE'ROU. 

 Tropazolum majus. — DE ROCHE. Chry- 

 sosplenium ; also Cardamine petrcea. 



CRESS-ROCKET. Telia Pseudo-cytisus. 



CRESTED. Having an elevated, irregular 

 or notched ridge, resembling the crest of a 

 helmet. This term is chiefly applied to 

 seeds, and to the appendages of anthers ; 

 it also belongs to bracts which form with 

 their edges an appearance like that of a 

 crest, as in Melampyrum. 



CRETACEOUS. Very dull white, with a 

 little touch of grey ; chalky. 



CREATE DE COQ. (Fr.) Celosia cristata ; 

 also Erythrina Crista-galli ; also Rhinanthus 

 major. — , MARINE. Crithmum mariti- 

 mum. 



CRE'TELLE COMMUXE. (Fr.) Cyno- 

 surus cristatus. 

 CREWE-CHIEX. (Fr.) Solanum nigrum. 



CREYAT. The Indian name for Justicia 

 paniculata. 



CRIBRARIA. One of the most elegant 

 genera of myxogastrous Fungi. The lower 

 half of the spore-case or peridium is per- 

 manent, but the upper half partially shells 

 off, and leaves behind a complicated net- 

 work. The species are confined to the 

 northern temperate regions. Two species 

 have been found in this country. 



[M. J. B.] 



CRIBROSE. Pierced (like a sieve) with 

 numerous close small apertures. 



CRINITE. Having tufts of long weak 

 hairs, growing from different parts of the 

 surface. 



CRINODEXDROX. The name of a small 

 Chilian tree of the lime-tree family, having 

 opposite or alternate shortly-stalked and 

 smooth leaves, with their margins toothed 

 near the points. The flower-stalks, which 

 are single from the axils of the leaves, and 

 longer than them,are thickened towards the 

 apex, and bear a rose-coloured flower, 

 which has a two-lobed five-toothed calyx ; 

 five pyramidal fleshy petals hollowed at 

 their base ; about twelve stamens with 

 anthers as long as their stalks, and a globu- 

 lar ovary crowned with a single style. The 

 fruit is a four or five-celled capsule about 

 the size of a cherry, and containing numer- 



