Clje CrraSttrg of 330tan^. 



[CYAT 



ten ro fifteen feet high, crowned with a 

 noble tuft of fronds, which are white be- 

 neath with a silvery powder. [T. M.] 



CYATHEINE-E, CYATHEJE. The former 

 is a principal sub-division or tribe of 

 the polypodiaeeous ferns, in which the re- 

 ceptacles are elevated and the sessile or 

 subsessile spore-cases are oblique-laterally 

 compressed, and burst horizontally, tbe 

 ring or annulus being narrow, nearly com- 

 plete, and more or less obliquely vertical. 

 The latter is a section of this group, in 

 which the sori have involucres or inferior 

 indusia, the fructification being borne on 

 the back of the fronds. [T. M.] 



CYATHIFORM. The same as Cup-shaped. 



CYATHOCALYX. A genus of Anonacece, 

 characterised by having their petals hol- 

 low and constricted at the base, but ex- 

 I panding above into a flat blade ; the sta- 

 I mens numerous; and the ovary solitary, em- 

 \ bedded in a hollow receptacle, with several 

 ! ovules attached to the line of union of the 

 , margins of the carpels. The genus in- 

 i eludes a Cingalese tree, with flowers oppo- 

 ■ site to the smooth shining leaves. [31. T. >[.] 



CYATHOCNBMIS. A genus of begoniads, 

 i consisting of succulent Peruvian plants. 

 i The staminate and pistillate flowers have 

 I each two sepals : the anthers elongated with 

 ; slightly united filaments; the style per 

 sistent, its branches furnished with a con- 

 tinuous papillose band, making two spiral 

 turns ; the seed-vessel margined with three 

 equal wings. The peduncles at their dicho- 

 tomous divisions are surrounded by a 

 large cup-like bract. There is one known 

 species, viz., C. dbliqua, found on rocks in 

 the Andes of Peru. It was formerly a 

 | Begonia. [J. H. B.] 



CYATHODES. A genus of Epacridacece, 

 consisting of fifteen species, natives not 

 only of Australia, but, like very few other 

 genera of this order, found also in New 

 Zealand and the Pacific Islands. They are 

 small branching woody heath-like shrubs, 

 with small axillary white or yellow flowers. 

 The pedicles are covered with imbricated 

 bracts.which are gradually larger upwards, 



, and appear to pass into the sepals ; the 

 corolla is funnel-shaped, with a naked or 



| bearded limb, and a smooth tube ; the sta- 

 mens are included or exserted ; the drupe 

 is more or less fleshy, with a bony five to 

 ten- celled and five to ten-seeded nut, seated 

 on a fleshy cup-shaped disc. [W. C] 



CYATHOGLOTTIS. An obscure genus 

 of terrestrial orchids, with the ribbed foli- 

 age of an Evelyna, to which genus it is 

 probably more nearly allied than to Sobra- 

 lia, with which it has been usually com- 

 pared. TwoAndine species are mentioned : 

 one with white, the other with yellow 

 flowers. 



CYATHUS. The cup-like body which 

 contains propagula, or the reproductive 

 bodies of MarcJiantm. 



CYATHUS. One of the genera to which 

 the curious Fungi belong which are com- 

 monly named Bird's Nest Peziza?. It is 

 distinguished from Niclidaria by the more 

 complicated structure of the walls, and 

 the stouter peduncle of the sporangia. 

 We have two species generally distributed 

 throughout England: C. striatus, which has 

 a bright-brown shaggy cup, deeply grooved 

 within, and C. vemtcosus, which is mouse- 

 grey, with the outer surface tomentose, 

 and the inner polished. [M. J. B.] 



CYBELE. Peristylus. 



CYBISTAX (including Yangna). A 

 genus of Bignoniacece confined to Peru, 

 Bolivia, and Brazil, and easily distin- 

 guished from its allies by its lax plicate 

 calyx, and broad pods traversed by twelve 

 deep furrows on the surface. There seems 

 to be only one species, C. antlsypliilitica 

 (Tangua tinctoria of Spruce), which forms 

 a bush or small tree, and has when 

 young duplicato-pinnate, when old digi- 

 tate leaves. The bark of the younger 

 branches is considered, in Brazil, one of 

 the most powerful remedies against syphi- 

 litic swellings of a malignant character. 

 The decoction is chiefly used, and also the 

 bark dried and powdered and applied exter- 

 nally. In the Peruvian Andes, the tree is 

 termed Yangua or Atunyangua, and the in- 

 habitants dye the cotton cloths of theirown 

 manufacture a permanent blue by simply 

 boiling them along with its leaves. About 

 every three months all the leaves that can 

 be got at are stripped ofl,and the trees seem 

 not to suffer from being thus denuded ; 

 but they rarely put forth flowers till they 

 grow beyond the reach of spoliating hands. 

 The panicles are small, the calyx whitish, 

 and the tubular corolla and the fruit of a 

 greenish colour. In Brazil and Peru the 

 plant is cultivated ; it was also, at one 

 time, an inmate of our gardens. [B. S.] 



CYCADEACEiE. (Cycads.) A natural or- 

 der of achlamydeous dicotyledons belong- 

 ing to the gymnospermous (naked-seeded) 

 alliance. Small palm-like trees or shrubs, 

 with unbranched sterns, occasionally di 

 viding into two,marked with leaf-scars,and 

 having large rays in the wood along with 

 punctated ligneous tubes. Leaves pinnate, 

 and usually rolled up like a crozier while 

 in bud. Flowers staminate or pistillate, 

 and without any envelope (achlamydeous): 

 staminate flowers in cones, the scales bear- 

 ing one-celled anthers on their lower sur- 

 face ; pistillate flowers consisting only of 

 ovules on the edge of altered leaves, or 

 placed below, or at the base of scales. 

 Seeds either hard, or with a soft spongy 

 covering ; embryo hanging by a long cord 

 in a cavity of the albumen ; cotyledons 

 unequal. Natives chiefly of the tropical and 

 temperate regions of America and Asia. 

 They are found also in southern Africa, and 

 in Australia. Cycads are mucilaginous and 

 starchy. Cycas revoluta, a native of Japan, 

 supplies a kind of starch which is used as 

 sago; and a similar kind of false sago is sup- 

 plied by Cycas circinalis in the Moluccas 



