cyph] 



ftfyz Ercasiurg at 33otang. 



374 



so small. Some are also useful for textile 

 purposes, 0. textilis being employed iu 

 making ropes and mats for covering the 

 floors of houses; others are valuable for 

 covering the sand and loose soil on the 

 borders of rivers and streams ; thus, C. 

 inunclatus helps to bind the banks of the 

 Ganges, protecting them from the rapidity 

 of the stream, and the force of the tides. 

 (See Lindley, Veg. King. 118.) [D. MJ 



CYPHEL. Cherleria sedoides. 



CYPHELIA. Collections of gonidia in 

 the form of cups ; a term only used in 

 speaking of lichens. 



CYPHELL^. Pale wart-like spots, 

 found on the under-surface of the thallus 

 of some lichens. 



CYPHIA. A genus of three or four 

 South African species, intermediate, as it 

 were, between Campanulece and Lobeliere, 

 and therefore, when these two tribes are 

 considered as independent families, Cyphia 

 is raised to the same rank under the name 

 of Cyphiacece. The species are all slender 

 herbaceous twiners, with small nearly re- 

 gular bell-shaped flowers, and united an- 

 thers. They possess no peculiar interest, 

 except that the Hottentots are said to 

 eat the tuberous roots of at least one 

 species. 



CYPHOCARPUS. A genus of Campanula- 

 cece, containing ariprid scabrous pilose herb 

 from Chili, with erect stems, and oblong 

 spinosely dentate radical leaves. Bracts 

 three together, spinosely dentate ; calyx 

 tubular-curved, contracted at the mouth, 

 with a five-parted limb, having spinous- 

 toothed segments: corolla very irregular, 

 two-lipped ; capsule one-celled, resembling 

 a follicle. [J. T. SJ 



CYPHONEMA. A genus of cyrtanthi- 

 form Amarylhdacece. The only species, C. 

 Loddigcsianum, produces scapes with a I >< >ut 

 two erect flowers, which measure an inch 

 and three quarters, and are whitish, striped 

 with green. The perianth has a straight 

 slender cylindrical tube, campanulate 

 above, with a regular reflexed limb. The 

 plant had been supposed to have been im- 

 ported from Valparaiso, but Dr. Herbert, 

 by whom it was described, suspected it to 

 be South African. [T. M.] 



CYPRE V S. (Fr.1 Cupressus sempervirens. 

 — , CHA UVE or DE LA LOLT1SIANE. Tax- 

 odium distichum. 



CYPRESS. The common name for Cu- 

 pressus, especially applied to C. semper- 

 virens. — , BALD. An American name for 

 Taxodium. — , BROOM. Kochia scop/trio. 

 — , DECIDUOUS. Taxodium distichum. 

 — , GROUND. SantolinaChamaicyparissus. 

 —, SUMMER. Kochia scoparia. 



CYPRESS KNEES. See Exostosis. 



CYPRIPEDIUM. In the north of Eng- 

 land the eye of the botanist has been now 

 and then delighted by the discovery of one 

 of the rarest of native plants, C. Calccolus, 



once called Calceolus Marianus or the Slip- 

 per of our Lady. It has a branching fibrous 

 root; single stems, a foot or more high, 

 bearing three or four broad ovate rather 

 downy ribbed leaves, clasping the stem at 

 the base, and one or two large flowers. 

 These consist of two lanceolate brown 

 purple sepals, and a pair of somewhat 

 narrow wavy petals crossing each other at 

 right angles (decussating); from the midst 

 of these projects a great yellow pouch or 

 bag, within which lurks the column, for 

 the plant is an orchid. From other orchids 

 it differs, however, in having two lateral 

 anthers instead of one that is dorsal, the 

 latter being represented by a great broad 

 angular plate, in front of which projects a 

 stalked three-lobed stigma. This curious 

 deviation from the ordinary state of an 

 orchid flower is characteristic of the genus 

 Ciipripedium (that is to say, shoe of Venus). 

 Great numbers of species of the same ge- 

 nus occur in both the Old and New World, 

 in the ice-bound woods of Canada and 

 Siberia, the warm glades of Mexico and \ 

 Nepal, and in the torrid regions of Central j 

 India and Continental (not Insular) Ame- 

 rica. Some of them have yellow flowers, 

 and they are the most frequent; others are 

 white and pink ; many are more or less 

 purple ; and one, C guttatum, a Russian 

 plant, is richly bloodstained. Two princi- 

 pal forms are to be distinguished, one 

 having thin ribbed leaves, and the other 

 narrow carinate veinless ones. The latter, 

 which are all from warm countries, are 

 easily cultivated, and are common in gar- 

 dens under the names of C.venustum,in- 

 signe, purpuratum, Lowei, Dayanum, Fairi- 

 eanum, villosum, &c. The others, though 

 often introduced, live for only a short 

 time and disappear. In addition to these, 

 another race, exclusively found in Tropical 

 America, distinguished by having a three- 

 celled ovary, might be added. We prefer, 

 however, to notice it under the name of 

 Selenipedium. The curious Cypripedium 

 caudatum belongs to that race. 



CYPSELA. The dry one-celled one- 

 seeded inferior fruit of composites. 



CYPSELIA. A genus of Tetragoniacece, 

 consisting of a small fleshy annual herb, 

 resembling Montia, from St. Domingo. 

 Stems prostrate, with small ovalorobovate 

 stalked alternate or opposite leaves, and 

 fringed stipules; flowers small, solitary, 

 shortly stalked, with a free five-parted 

 calyx and no corolla, the two inner seg- 

 ments of the calyx broader and membra- 

 nous ; stamens one to three ; ovary one- 

 celled ; capsule bursting transversely; 

 seeds numerous. [J. T. S J 



CYRILLACE^E. A small family of Di- 

 cotyledons, most nearly related perhaps to 

 Ericaceo?, although differing in their free 

 petals and anthers opening in slits ; or to 

 some of the groups connected with Saxi- 

 fr<u;acea>. They have also been compared 

 with Olacacece and with Aquifoliacea;, both 

 of which are much farther removed. They 

 are shrubs or small trees, with alternate 



