37 



CIjs Crsatfurg at 23atang. 



CYSTIDIA. Salient cells, accompanying 

 the basids or asci of fungals ; by some re- 

 garded as antherids. [M. J. B.] 



CYSTIDI AXTHT7S. A genus of Asclepia- 

 dacecc, containing a few species of climb- 

 ing shrubs, natives of the Indian Archi- 

 pelago,with opposite leaves, and numerous 

 pedicellate flowers in interpetiolar and 

 terminal umbels. The calyx is flve-parted ; 

 •the corolla bell-shaped, five-toothed, and 

 spreading ; the staminal corona consists of 

 five fleshy leaves attached to the short gy- 

 nostegium ; the anthers are terminated by 

 amerabraneadpressed to the stigma, which 

 is convex, pentagonal, and smooth ; the 

 follicles arc solitary, long and slender.with 

 numerous comose seeds. This genus has 

 the habit of Centrostema. [W. C] 



CYSTOCAPXOS. A genus of Fumariacece, 

 containing a glabrous climbing branched 

 herb from the Cape of Good Hope, with 

 stalked twice-pinnate leaves, having three- 

 lobed segments, and small white racemose 

 flowers. It differs from the other genera 

 of the order in the capsule, which is in- 

 flated and bladdery, containing several 

 seeds. [J. T. S.] 



CYSTOCARPIUM. A case including a 

 great many spores; a term confined to 

 algals. 



CYSTOPTERIDE-E. A section of poly- 

 podineous ferns, in which the sori are punc- 

 tiform or dot-like, and covered by cucullate 

 or fornicate indusia, which, being attached 

 behind them, are inflected over them in 

 the earlier stages. [T. 31.] 



CYSTOPTERIS. A genus of dwarf poly- 

 podiaceous ferns, typical of the group Cys- 

 toptc-ridece. In that group, it is distin- 

 guished at once t>y its sori being medial 

 on the veins, that is, placed some distance 

 below the apex. The species, numbering 

 about a dozen, are small membranaceous 

 plants with a tufted or creeping caudex, and 

 twice or thrice-pinnated annual fronds ; 

 they are furnished with punctiform sori, 

 covered by roundish ovate indusia, which 

 are fornicate or subhemispherical, affixed 

 by their broad base, and sometimes lacer- 

 ate or acuminate at the apex. C.fragiUs, 

 which has lance-shaped fronds, is a widely 

 distributed British species ; C. montana, 

 with a creeping caudex and triangu- 

 lar fronds, has been gathered in a few 

 1 Scottish habitats. The genus is scattered 

 | from the poles to the tropics. [T. M.] 



i CYSTOPUS. Under this name Blume 

 . has collected a few little white-flowered 

 I Java orchids near Goodyera. 



CYSTORCHIS. A genus of terrestrial 



! orchids, allied to Goodyera. Blume men- 



: tions three species with small pink or yel- 



' low flowers. They are especially known by 



having the glands found inside the lip in 



so many of these little plants enclosed in a 



pair of cysts or pockets, whence the name 



has been formed. 



CYTHER-IS. Nephelaphyllum. 



CYTINACEiE. The Cytinus Hypocistis, 

 either alone or in conjunction with two 

 African root-parasites, Hydnora and Hy- 

 polepis, has been considered as constituting 

 an independent family of very uncertain 

 affinities. It is a native of the Mediterra- 

 nean region, growing on the roots chiefly 

 of Cistus monspeliensis, and rises to a few 

 inches above ground in the form of a tuft 

 of succulent stems covered with imbri- 

 cated scales, and terminating in a head of 

 flowers, the whole plant of a rich yellow or 

 orange-red colour. The flowers are poly- 

 gamous, with a tubular four-lobed peri- 

 anth, and four two-celled anthers, sessile on 

 a central column attached to the perianth- 

 tube. The ovary is inferior, one-celled, 

 with several parietal placentas, and nume- 

 rous ovules. The plants contain gallic acid, 

 and have been used in consequence as as- 

 tringents and styptics. [M. T. M.] 



CYTISE A v GRAPPES or AUBOERS or 

 DE YIRGILE. (Er.) Cvtiftus Laburnum, — , 

 PETIT. Cytisus sessilifolius. 



CYTISOPSIS. A genus of Leguminosa?, 

 containing but one species, C. dorycniifolia, 

 a small prostrate perennial plant found in 

 the mountains of Syria and Cilicia. This 

 has sessile leaves made up of from three to 

 seven small oblong leaflets, which are cov- 

 ered with silvery hairs ; and the axillary 

 yellow flowers have a tubular calyx nearly 

 an inch long, and a corolla of five nearly 

 equal clawed petals, a little longer than 

 the calyx. The pods are narrow, thick, 

 elongated, and contain a number of seeds, 

 i The genus is nearly allied to Anthyllis, but 

 i differs in the sessile digitate leaves, and in 

 the calyx and corolla falling after wither- 

 I ing. [A. A. B.] 



! CYTISUS. An extensive and well-known 

 genus of trees and shrubs belonging to the 

 1 Leguminosce. C. Laburnum, with which all 

 are familiar under the name of Laburnum, 

 is a native of the mountains of France, 

 Switzerland, and Southern Germany, where 

 j it attains the height of twenty feet and up- 

 wards. It was introduced into England 

 previously to 1597, at which time Gerarde 

 appears to have had it in his garden under 

 the names of Anagyris, Laburnum, and 

 Bean Trefoil. This and the lilac are the 

 commonest ornamental trees in suburban 

 gardens ; but the Laburnum is seen to the 

 greatest advantage when planted in front 

 of loftier trees in a park or extensive 

 shrubbery. The heart wood is of a dark 

 | colour, and, though of a coarse grain, it is 

 i very hard and durable ; it will take a polish, 

 ' and may be stained to resemble ebony. It 

 I is much in demand among turners, and is 

 i wrought into a variety of articles which 

 require strength and smoothness. The 

 i seeds, it should be remembered, act so 

 , violently as an emetic that they are justly 

 deemed poisonous. 



C. purpureas is an elegant procumbent 

 shrub, a native of Carniola. It seldom ex- 

 ceeds a foot in height, and is either used 

 for ornamenting rockwork, or is grafted on 

 | the Laburnum. C. purpurascens (Fr. C. 



