433 



Cf)e CrcaSttrj) at ISotang, 



[dxjme 



somewhat like a dandelion, is found in 

 Armenia : and a third, like a hawkweed, 

 grows in the Himalayas from Sikkim west- 

 ward to Kuraaon, at elevations between 

 8,000 and 12,000 feet. Its upper leaves are 

 hairy, oblong, entire or toothed, and em- 

 bracing the stem, while the lower are nearly 

 triangular, and narrowed into a winged 

 stalk. The yellow flower-heads have their 

 lance-shaped involucral scales beset with 

 black hairs, and the compressed striated 

 achenes are narrowed into a beak, and 

 crowned with a pappus of numerous rough 

 hairs. The geuus bears the name of M. Du- 

 by, a French botanist. [A. A. B.] 



DUC DE TOLE. (Fr.) Tulipa suaveo- 



DUCHARTREA. A genus of Gesneracece, 

 containing a single species, a native of the 

 mountains of Cuba. It is an erect branch- 

 ing shrub, wrinkled with resinous warts, 

 and having coriaceous tootbed leaves and 

 greenish flowers in few-flowered corymbs. 

 The corolla campanulate, slightly con- 

 stricted on the underside, and the limb cut 

 into five unequal roundish lobes, furnished 

 with awned teeth around the margins; 

 the stamens are didynamous with a sterile 

 fifth. The base of the style is surrounded 

 by an erect pentagonal cup. The warty 

 oval fruit is crowned by the persistent 

 calyx. [W. C] 



DUCHASSAIXGIA. Eryihrina. 



DUCHESXEA. The name sometimes ap- 

 plied to an East Indian strawberry, Fra- 

 garia indica, with insipid fruit and yellow 

 flowers. [A A. BJ 



DUCK'S-FOOT. Podophyllum. 



DUCKMEAT or DUCKWEED. The com- 

 mon names of the curious floating aqua- 

 tics, which form the genus Lemna. 



DUCTS. Tubular vessels marked by 

 transverse lines or dots : apparently in 

 some cases modifications of spiral vessels, 

 when they are called closed, annular, reti- 

 culated, and scalariform; sometimes ana- 

 logous to pitted tissue, when they are 

 called dotted, and form bothrenchyma. 



DUCU. The resin of Clusia Ducu. 



DUDAIM. A biblical plant, regarded as 

 the Mandrake, Mandragora officinalis. 



DUFOCREA. A genus of Convolvulacece, 

 containing five species of South American 

 twining undershrubs with alternate entire 

 leaves, and numerous white flowers in 

 panicles on axillary or terminal peduncles. 

 The calyx consists of five sepals, the two 

 outer of which are membranaceous, and 

 coloured, very large, almost hiding the 

 funnel-shaped corolla, within which are 

 Ave included stamens, with short subulate 

 filaments. The two-celled ovary is sur- 

 mounted by two styles or a single one 

 deeply-cleft, with capitate stigmas. [W. C] 



DUFRESXEA. A Persian annual of the 

 order Yalerianaceo>. The leaves are entire ; 

 the flowers in close cymes, sometimes uni- 



sexual ; the calyx limb has three unequal 

 ovate acute netted segments, which in- 

 crease in size as the fruit ripens ; the 

 corolla is tubular, regular, spurless, itslimb 

 five-lobed; stamens three. The fruit is 

 membranous, very hairy, crowned by the 

 calyx lobes, three-celled, with two of the 

 cells empty and distended. [M. T. MJ 



DUGUETIA. A genus of Anonacea, con- 

 sisting of Brazilian trees with scurfy 

 branches. The flower is not described, 

 but the receptacle bearing the fruits is 

 divided transversely into two sections, 

 the lower globular, woody, marked with 

 the scars of the fallen stamens, the upper 

 portion somewhat conical, spongy, pitted ; 

 the carpels inserted on this receptacle are 

 numerous, ovate, angular, terminated by 

 the persistent styles/woody and one-seeded. 

 D. quitarensis furnishes the light elastic 

 wood, called Lance-wood, imported from 

 Cuba and Guiana,. for the use of coach- 

 builders principally. [M. T. MJ 



DUK. The horsehair-like fibres of the 

 Gomuti palm, Saguerus saccharifer. 



DULCIS. Any kind of taste which is 

 not acrid. 



DULSE. A name given in Scotland to 

 several different kinds of rose-sporedAZgrce, 

 but especially to Rhodymenia palmata and 

 Jridcea edulis, which are extensively eaten 

 on the sea-coasts, and which occasionally 

 make their appearance in the market. We 

 have ourselves been thankful for this 

 coarse and parchment-like food amongst 

 the Western Isles, when it was impossible 

 to procure any other kind of sustenance. 

 Laurencia pinnatifida affords an inferior 

 Dulse, known under the name of Pepper 

 Dulse. These species are generally eaten 

 raw. When cooked they have an unmis- 

 takeable sea-twang, wiiich, in spite of all 

 the pains of Soyer, forbids their entrance 

 into any acceptable food, where more 

 sapid articles are procurable. [M. J. B.] 



DUMERILIA. A genus of perennial 

 Mexican herbs, belonging to the lip-flower- 

 ed group of Compositce. They are smooth 

 plants from one to three feet high, with 

 sessile oval rigid leaves, which embrace 

 the stem by their base, and shortly-stalked 

 flower-heads disposed in terminal corymbs ; 

 each capitule is about half an inch long, 

 and contains from five to fifteen white 

 florets, enclosed by an involucre of about 

 three series of lance-shaped scales. The 

 achenes are slightly beaked, dilated at the 

 apex, and crowned by a pappus of one 

 series of numerous white pilose bristles. 

 In the nearly-allied Perezia, the hairs of 

 the pappus are in two series ; but accord- 

 ing to Dr. A. Gray, this character is here 

 of little importance, and he would unite 

 the genus to Perezia along with Clarionea 

 and Homoianthus. The roots of the two 

 known species are stringy, and the stem 

 at the base is furnished with a tuft of 

 rusty hairs. From the roots of D. Ala- 

 mani, a eurious chemical production 

 known as Pipitzahuac is prepared; it resem- 



