DUMU 



Wfyz Ersatfurj) oi MaUnv. 



434 



bles flakes of gold, and is said to be power- 

 fully drastic, with an odour of valerian, 

 and useful as a dye. The plant is also 

 known as Perezia fruticosa and sometimes 

 Acourtia rigida. [A. A. B.] 



DTJMUS (adj. DUMOSE). A low branch- 

 ing shrub. 



DUNBARIA. A small genus of twining 

 plants of the pea family, the species of 

 which are found in India, Java, and the 

 surrounding Islands. In foliage and habit 

 they are somewhat like Phaseolns, but the 

 leaves are smaller. The large flowers are 

 generally bright-yellow, and disposed in 

 loose axillary racemes. The calyx is four- 

 cleft to the middle ; the corolla remarkable 

 for the large membranous standard, much 

 longer than the calyx, which embraces 

 and hides the other petals, and has two 

 callosities at its base. In some species it is 

 an inch long. The pod is flattened and 

 hairy, strongly compressed between the 

 seeds. The genus is nearly related to 

 Cylista, which, however, has a large mem- 

 branous calyx completely hiding the co- 

 rolla. It is named in honour of Prof. 

 Dunbar of Edinburgh. [A. A. B.] 



DUNGAN. Myristica spuria. 

 DUODENI. Growing twelve together. 



DUPERREYA. A genus of Convolvu- 

 laceve, containing a single New Holland spe- 

 cies, a twining undershrub, with petiolate 

 narrow leaves, and solitary axillary flow- 

 ers at the ends of the branches, having a 

 somewhat funnel-shaped corolla. The cap- 

 sule contains a single seed. [W. C] 



DUPLICATE. Growing in pairs. In 

 composition the word indicates the repe- 

 tition of a character : thus duplicato-cre- 

 nate is when each crenel is itself crenate ; 

 duiilicato-dtntate, when each toothing is it- 

 self toothed ; dupUcato-pinnate, when the 

 leaflets of a pinnate leaf become themselves 

 pinnate; daplicato-serrate, when each ser- 

 rature is itself serrated ; and so on. 



DUPLO. Twice as much as, or twice as 

 many as. 



DUPONTIA. A genus of grasses belong- 

 ing to the tribe A vene-ce, distinguished by 

 the inflorescence being in contracted pa- 

 nicles ; spikeiets ovate, two-flowered, with 

 the rudiment of a third floret ; stamens | 

 three ; ovary smooth ; styles two, f eathery- 

 The species are from the extreme northern 

 limits of phamogamous vegetation : D. Fis- 

 cheri from Melville Island, and D. psilnxen- 

 tha from Russian North America. [D. MJ 



DUPUISIA. A genus of Anacardiacece, 

 consisting of trees natives of Senegal. The 

 calyx is cup-shaped, persistent, slightly 

 five-toothed; petals five, concave, longer 

 than the sepals ; stamens five, inserted 

 with the petals into the calyx ; ovary one- 

 celled, one-seeded. [M. T. M.] 



DURAMEN. The heart-wood, or that 

 part of the timber of a tree which becomes 

 hardened by matter deposited in it. It is 



next the centre in Exogens, and next the 

 circumference in Endogens. 



DURANTA. A genus of S. American 

 bushes of the vervain family, easily dis- 

 tinguished by the racemed flowers, and by 

 the nature of the fruits, which are com- 

 posed of four nuts enclosed in the calyx 

 tube, which is contracted at top; they 

 are hard and about the size of a pea, 

 each nut with two one-seeded cells. 

 Some are spiny, others unarmed; but 

 all are straggling bushes with four-an- 

 gled grey twigs, and opposite or whorled 

 stalked leaves, in some like those of the 

 privet, in others toothed. The pretty blue 

 flowers are borne in great profusion in 

 racemes towards the ends of the branches, 

 each about half an inch long, and having a 

 tubular five-ribbed five-toothed calyx, aiid 

 a corolla about three times the length of 

 the calyx, with a flat border of five unequal 

 rounded lobes, nearly half an inch across. 

 Some of them are said to be poisonous, 

 and the seeds are not eaten by birds. D. 

 Plumieri is in cultivation, and may often 

 be seen in plant-stoves. About six species 

 are known. [A. A, BJ 



DURELIN. (Fr.) Quercus sessiliflora. 



DURREA. A genus of Ricciacece. 



DURIAN. Durio zibethinus. 



DURIO. The tree producing the cele- 

 brated Durian fruit of the Indian Archipe- 

 lago, B. zibethinus, is the only species of 

 this genus of Stereuliacece. It forms a 

 large forest tree, attaining sixty or eighty 

 feet in height, with somewhat the genei-al 

 appearance of an elm. The leaves are en- 

 tire, oblong, rounded at the base and taper- 



Durio zibethin 



ing upwards into a long point, densely 

 covered beneath with minute scales, which 

 give them a silvery red appearance. The 

 flowers are yellowish-green, produced in 

 little clusters upon the trunk or main 

 branches, each flower having two large 

 concave bracts at its base; the calyx is 

 tubular and five-toothed ; the corolla has 

 five petals, which are partly joined so as 

 to form a short tube ; the stamens are 

 numerous collected into five bundles, and 

 have twisted or uneven anthers ; and the 



