empl] 



Cfje ErcaSttrg of 3Sfltanj). 



450 



are tipped with a gland. The plant is im- 

 perfectly known. [M. T. MJ 



EMPLEURUM. A genus of Rutacece 

 consisting of shrubs, natives of the Cape 

 with oblong glandular serrulated leaves, 

 and axillary flowers, solitary, or in twos or 

 threes. They have a four-cleft calyx, 

 thickened at the base, no corolla, and 

 four stamens, opposite to, and longer than 

 the lobes of the calyx, with anthers having 

 a gland at the top. The ovary is solitary, 

 one-celled, terminating at top in a long 

 horn, the style lateral, as long as the horn- 

 like extremity of the ovary ; ovules two. 

 The horned capsule is one-seeded. E. 

 serrulatum is a pretty greenhouse shrub 

 with pinkish flowers. [M. T. M.j 



ENAItTHROCARPUS. A genus of Cru- 

 ciferce from the coasts of the Mediter- 

 ranean ; it is allied to Baphanus but with 

 a different pod, which breaks across into 

 only two parts, the lowermost of which is 

 persistent, short, obconical with one to 

 three seeds, the uppermost long and 

 knotty, with numerous seeds. Rough 

 annuals with lyrate-pinnatifid root leaves, 

 toothed stem leaves, and elongate racemes 

 of yellow or purplish flowers. [J. T. S.] 



ENCALYPTA. A genus of mosses 

 belonging to the natural order Encalyptei, 

 distinguished by the large funnel-shaped 

 persistent veil which covers the capsule. 

 E.vulgaris is a remarkable moss, and occurs 

 here and there on the tops of walls, though 

 not so general as some other wall mosses. 

 The capsule in this genus is either even or 

 grooved ; the peristome is either single, 

 double, or altogether wanting. The genus 

 is almost exclusively confined to Europe 

 and North America, though there are 

 traces of it in Chiloe, Peru, and Kumaon. 

 It is the only genus of the order. [M. J. BJ 



ENCEPHALARTOS. A genus of Gyca- 

 deacece, having tall cylindrical trunks, with 

 a terminal tuft of pinnate thick spiny 

 leaves. The male flowers, like those of 

 Cycas, are collected into a terminal stalked 

 cone, consisting of a number of oblong 

 wedge-shaped scales, with anthers on 

 their under-surface ; while the female 

 flowers are collected in terminal stalked 

 cones, consisting of peltate stalked scales, 

 on the under-surface of which the ovule 

 is placed, as in Zamia. The interior of the 

 trunk, and the centre of the ripe female 

 cones, contain a spongy farinaceous pith, 

 made use of by the Caffers as food, and 

 hence the trees are called by the name of 

 Caffer-bread. [M, T. MJ 



ENCHOLIRITTM. A name applied to a 

 genus of Bromeliacea?, represented by a 

 Brazilian herbaceous plant, with tufted 

 spiny leaves, and clustered flowers, with 

 a calyx of three short equal segments, a 

 corolla of three petals, and six hypogynous 

 stamens, with curved filaments dilated at 

 the base. The ovary is free; the style 

 triangular with three stigmas. [M. T MJ 



ENCKEA. Shrubs, or less frequently 

 trees, forming a genus of Piperacece, cha- 



racterised by the bracts of the inflores- 

 cence, which are hood-like and bent in- 

 wards. Stamens five to seven, placed round 

 the ovary ; filaments persistent, the an- 

 thers kidney-shaped, deciduous. Ovary ses- 

 sile, sometimes prolonged at the top ; stig- 

 mas three to five. Fruit aromatic, berrv- 

 like, with a thick rind. The roots of E. 

 viiijiuculata and E. glaucescens are used 

 medicinally in Brazil. [M. T. MJ 



ENDECA. In Greek compounds=eleven. 

 ENDIVE. Cichorium 



ENDIVE PETITE. (Fr.) Cichorium En- 

 divia angustifolia. 



ENDOCARP. The lining of a carpel ; 

 the inner surface of a fruit, representing 

 at that time the upper surface of a carpel- 

 lary leaf. The stone of a cherry is its en- 

 do carp. 



ENDOCARPEI. A natural order of 

 lichens, in which the capsule-like fruit is 

 constantly immersed in the foliaceous or 

 crust-like frond. The walls of the fruit 

 moreover are pale and never carbonised as 

 in Verrucariei. The best known species 

 are Endocarpon miniatum, which is so 

 common about waterfalls, presenting a 

 peltate leathery greenish frond tinged with 

 red below ; and Pertusaria communis,\vhich 

 is still more common on smooth-barked 

 trees, especially the oak and the beech, and 

 which by a peculiar degeneration pro- 

 duces the white patches Avhich, according 

 to their more or less mealy condition, are 

 referred to the now exploded genera Va- 

 riolaria and Lepraria [M. J. BJ 



ENDOCHROA. A supposed interior 

 layer of the cuticle. 



ENDOCHROME. The colouring matter 

 of plants. A term applied to the con- 

 tents of the cells, especially amongst 

 Algce and Fungi, though frequently appli- 

 cable to he simple structures in pha-no- 

 gams. The colour of flowers, funguses, &c, 

 depends generally upon the colour of the 

 endochrome, the cell wall itself being 

 hyaline. In Algce and Finigi it frequently 

 acts an important part, being either con- 

 centrated into a single spore or zoospore, 

 or resolved into a definite or indefinite 

 number of either, while at times it gives 

 rise to spermatozoids. [M. J. BJ 



ENDOGENS. A large class of plants to 

 which the names of Monocotyledoves and 

 Amphibryce are also given. They have a 

 cellular and vascular system— the latter ex- 

 hibiting spiral vessels. Their stem is en- 

 dogenous, that is, increases in diameter by 

 addition of woody vessels towards its 

 interior, the outer part being the oldest 

 and densest (hence the name Endogens or 

 inward-growers) ; bundles of woody, 

 spiral and pitted vessels are scattered 

 throughout the cellular tissue ; there is no 

 pith, no separable bark, no woody rings 

 or zones, and no true medullary rays. The 

 age of woody Endogens cannot be deter- 

 mined by counting concentric rings as in 

 Exogens. The leaves are usually con- 



