iol 



Ojr Erfurt? of botany. 



tinuous with the stem, and do not fall off 

 by articulations ; when at length they se- 

 parate their bases leave marks or scars 

 at definite intervals on the stem, as seen 

 in palms. The stems of endogens are often 

 subterranean, in the form of cornis, 

 j rhizomes, or bulbs. The leaves have sto- 

 niates, and their venation is usually paral- 

 lel, though in a few cases it is slightly re- 

 ticulated. The flowers have stamens and 

 I pistil, and three-membered symmetry. The 

 ovules are contained in an ovary, and the 

 embryo has one cotyledon or seed-lobe, 

 whence they are called monocotyledonous. 

 The class has been divided into two 

 subclasses: 1. Petaloidece or Florida, in 

 which the flowers consist either of a co- 

 loured perianth or of scales arranged in a 

 whorl; 2. Glumiferce, in which the flowers, 

 in place of sepals and petals, have im- 

 bricated bracts or scales called glumes. 

 Lindley has added a third subclass called 

 Dictyogence, on account of the net-veined 

 leaves. Among the Petaloidece there are 

 three sections : 1. Epigynce, having perfect 

 flowers and a superior perianth, as orchids, 

 , gingers, irids, aniaryllids,&c; 2. Hypogynce, 

 j having perfect flowers and an inferior 

 perianth, as lilies, rushes, and palms ; 3. 

 Incompletes, with imperfect flowers with- 

 | out a proper whorled perianth, as screw- 

 ; pines and arums. Among Glumiferce there 

 ! are included the two orders of grasses and 

 '• sedges. 



j Permanent endogenous stems are well 

 I illustrated by palms. In these the hardest 

 ! part is on the outside, and the trunks are 

 usually unbranched, and are limited as re- 

 , gards their increase in diameter. They in- 

 crease principally by forming a crown of 

 leaves, and if this growing point is de- 

 ! stroyed they die. Some Endogens, as Dra- 

 \ ccenas, attain a great diameter of stem, and 

 j divide in a forked manner. [J. H. B.] 



EXDOGOXIUM. The contents of the 

 | nucule of a Chara. 



■ EXDOXEMA. A Cape of Good Hope 

 | shrub belonging to the Penceacece. Its 

 I leaves are flat and overlapping; the flowers 

 | axillary, solitary, with a coloured tubular 

 perianth divided into four short lobes, and 

 four stamens, inserted into the top of the 

 perianth tube, alternately with its lobes. 

 The ovary has four compartments, each 

 containing four ovules, the upper pair as- 

 cending, the lower pendulous. [31. T. M.] 



EXDOPELOEUM. The liber of bark ; the 

 inner layer, containing woody tissue, lying 

 next the wood. 



EXDOPHYLLOTJ8. Formed from within 

 a sheathing leaf ; as the young leaves of 

 endogenous plants. 



EXDOPLEPRA. The innermost skin of 

 a seed-coat. 



EXDOPTERA. A genus of Compositce, 



nearly related to Crepis, but differing in 



the achenes of the ray florets having a 



I wing on their inner face. There are but 



j ' two species, E. Dioscoridis and E. aspera, 



both annual branching weeds of S. Europe 



and Asia Minor, and in appearance much 

 like our species of Crepis. The generic 

 name refers to the wings on the inner face 

 of the achene. [A. A. B.] 



ENDOPTILE. Said of an embryo whose 

 plumule is rolled up by the cotyledon, as in 

 endogens. 



EXDORRTZAL. That kind of germina- 

 tion in which the original radicle forms a 

 sheath round the first root which comes 

 from within the former. 



EKDORHIZEiE. A name applied by 

 Richard to endogenous or monocotyledon- 

 ous plants, on account of the mode in which 

 the young root is developed. The embryo 

 of these plants, when it germinates or 

 sprouts, iisually sends out from a definite 

 point a bundle of rootlets, which pierce 

 through the integument, and are covered 

 each by a sheath called coleorhiza. This is 

 well seen in the sprouting of the grains of 

 grasses. The embryo is hence called endor- 

 liizal, meaning root within. [J. H. B.] 



ENDOS. In Greek composition = within, 

 or in the inside of anything. 



ENDOSMOSE. That force which causes 

 a viscid fluid lying within a cavity to at- 

 tract to itself a watery fluid through an or- 

 ganic membrane. 



ENDOSPERM. The albumen of a seed. 



ENDOSTOME. The aperture in the inner 

 integument of an ovule. 



ENDOTHECIUM. The lining of an an- 

 ther. 



ENEMIOJ?. An herbaceous perennial 

 belonging to the Banunculacece, with five 

 petal-like deciduous sepals, and from two to 

 six carpels, which when mature are ar- 

 ranged in a stellate manner, and contain 

 two oval seeds. E. biternatum,_ the only 

 species, grows to about the height of six 

 inches, and bears flowers about the size of 

 Anemone quinquefolia. It is a native of 

 Kentucky. [C. A. J.] 



E ICE R VIS. "When there are no ribs or 

 veins visible. 



ENGELHARDTIA. A genus of Juglan- 

 dacece, numbering about ten species, found 

 in India, Java and the Philippine islands. 

 They are trees with pinnate leaves a good 

 deal like those of the walnut, and inconspi- 

 cuous flowers disposed in drooping spicate 

 panicles, the outer and shorter branches 

 of which bear sterile flowers, the inner 

 fertile. These are succeeded by the little 

 fruits, which are about the size of a pea, 

 each seated on the base of a three-lobed 

 beautifully veined and coloured bract. 

 The beautiful catkin-like spikes of these 

 bracted fruits are often more than a foot 

 lonp:, and hang very gracefully among the 

 foliage. [A. A. B.] 



ENGELIA. A genus of Acanthacece, con- 

 taining two species, natives of Columbia. 

 They are climbing undershrubs, with one- 

 flowered axillary peduncles. The calyx is 



