471 



&!)£ Crratfurg of 3&atm$. 



[eubo 



calyx. Neither of the species has been as 

 yet introduced into our gardens, although 

 both are said to he handsome. They may, 

 however, possibly be parasitical on the 

 roots of other plants, in which case their 

 cultivation would be very difficult. 



ESCORZONERA A Chilian name for 

 Achyrophorus apargioides and A. Scorzo- 



ESENBECKIA. A genus of arboreous 

 Butacece remarkable for their bark, which 

 1 1 contains tonic properties. In one of the 

 Brazilian species cinchonin has even been 

 detected. The flowers have five-parted 

 whorls, the five stamens ultimately bent 

 downwards, and, like the petals, inserted at 

 the base of a cup-shaped disc, in which the 

 ovary is placed ; the latter is warty on the 

 surface, and five-lobed. [M. T. M.] 



ESPAD.EA. The generic name of a 

 Cuban plant said to belong to the Verbe- 

 nacece, and to have alternate leaves, and an 

 ovary united half its length with the tube 

 of the calyx. These are characters, how- 

 ever, quite at variance with those of the 

 family. E. amcena is described by M. Ri- 

 chard as a much branched bush, with rusty 

 down on its twigs, which are furnished 

 with oboval and obtuse smooth leathery 

 leaves, narrowed towards the base ; the 

 solitary flowers in the axils of the leaves 

 are stalked, and have a bell-shaped calyx, a 

 funnel-shaped arched corolla, with an ob- 

 lique border of Ave erect unequal lobes, 

 and four stamens, two long and two short. 

 The fruits are globose drupes, with two 

 cells, and one seed in each. [A. A. B.] 



ESPAGNOLE. (Fr.) A kind of olive. 



ESPARCETTE. (Fr.) Onobrychis saliva. 



ESPATHATE. Not having a spathe. 



ESPELETIA. A genus of remarkable 

 Compositce, found near the snow limit at 

 elevations of 13,000 to 14,000 feet and up- 

 wards in the Andes of N. Grenada, and 

 Equador. A few of them do not exceed 

 a foot in height, and have grassy rigid 

 root-leaves, quite white from a covering 

 of silky hairs. The greater number, how- 

 ever, are taller, and furnished with long 

 strai>shaped root-leaves wholly covered 

 j with dense white or rusty-coloured wool, 

 1 which forms for them an admirable pro- 

 tection from the cold, their thick texture 

 and warm woolly covering no doubt sug- 

 gesting the name 'Lion's ear' which is 

 sometimes given to them by the Spa- 

 niards. The stems terminate either in a 

 single flower-head, or more commonly in 

 a corymb of yellow flower-heads, some an 

 inch or more across, and surrounded with 

 an involucre, which, like all parts of the 

 plant, is clothed with wooL 



These plants bear much resemblance to 

 C'-'lciti.um, which is found in the same re- 

 gions, and the Spanish appellation ' Frale-' 

 jon ' is common to both. They differ abun- 

 dantly, however, in having strap-shaped 

 ray florets, and achenes destitute of pap- i 

 pus. About seven species are known. A I 



resinous substance is present in most of 

 them, but is produced in greatest quantity 

 by E. grandiflora ; it is of a beautiful yel- 

 low colour, and is valued by the printers 

 of Santa Fe de Bogota, who use it in the 

 composition of their ink, and give to it the 

 name of treminthina (terebinthine),though 

 it has neither the odour nor the consistence 

 of the turpentine of commerce. The ge- 

 nus was named by Mutis in compliment to 

 M. Espeleta, who rendered him much ser- 

 vice in his botanical labours about Santa 

 Fe. [A. A. B.] 



ESPRIT D'lVA. An aromatic liqueur of 

 which Ptarmica moschata is the basis. 



ESQUINANCIE. (Fr.) Asperula cynan- 

 chica. 



ESTERHAZYA. A genus of Scrophula- 

 riacece, closely allied to Gerardia, and dif- 

 fering chiefly in the stamens projecting far 

 beyond the corolla, with the anthers thickly 

 clothed with long woolly hairs. There are 

 two or three species, natives of Southern 

 Brazil, erect branching shrubs or under- | 

 shrubs, with opposite or scattered entire 

 leaves, and large, very showy flowers of a 

 rich red or pink colour, forming short ter- 

 minal leafy racemes. Notwithstanding 

 their beauty, they have not been introduced 

 into our gardens, and perhaps, like the 

 Gcrardias, their cultivation may be very 

 difficult. 



ESTIVATION. The manner in which the 

 parts are arranged in a flower-bud. 



ESTRAGON. (Fr.) Artemisia Dracun- 

 culus. 



E"SULE. (Fr.) Euphorbia Esula. — 

 RONDE. Euphorbia Peplus. — GRANDE. 

 Euphorbia Lathyris. — PETITE. Euphorbia 

 exigua. 



ET^ERIO, ETAIRIUM. Such a kind of 

 aggregate fruit as that of the Ranunculus 

 or strawberry. 



ETERNELLE. (Fr.) Eelichrysum orien- 

 tale. 



ETERNUE. (Fr.) A kind of Agrostis. 



ETHULIA. A genus of the Compositce, 

 distinguished by the four or five-angled 

 achenes being surmounted byaminuteand 

 entire crown-like ring. It is made up of 

 about se^en species, all of them branching 

 weeds of no beauty, found in various tro- 

 pical and subtropical countries of the east- 

 ern hemisphere, extending as far west as 

 Syria in Asia, and Senegambia in Africa. 

 The little purple or white flower-heads are 

 numerous, about the size of a small pea. 

 disposed in a corymb at the end of the 

 twigs. [A. A. B.] 



ETIOLATED. Deprived of colour by be- 

 ing kept in the dark ; blanched. 



EUBOTRTS. A genus of deciduous eri- 

 caceous shrubs, better known under their 

 former name of Lyonia. The main charac- 

 ters of the genus are : a five-parted calyx 

 with two small bracts at the base, a more 

 or less cylindrical corolla with a reflexed 



