475 



CIjc CrcaSurn af 2S0tang. 



[eupa 



which furnishes Allspice. This consists of 

 the fruits gathered before they are quite 

 ripe, and dried in the sun. The Allspice tree 

 is cultivated in the West Indies and Ja- 

 maica, where the trees are planted in rows 

 called pimento walks ; the produce is some- 

 times very large. The Allspice or Pimento 

 hemes of commerce are of the size of a 

 small pea, of a dark colour, and surmounted 

 hy the remains of the calyx. The odour 

 and flavour are supposed to resemble a 

 combination of those of cinnamon, cloves, 

 and nutmeg, hence the name allspice ; they 

 are due to a volatile oil, which is obtained 

 by distillation. Allspice is largely used for 

 flavouring purposes, being cheap. The oil 

 is occasionally employed as a carminative. 

 Many of the species yield agreeably 

 tasting fruits, such as E. cauliflora, which 

 ' furnishes the Jabuticaba fruits of Brazil, 

 i described as being of the size of a green- 

 ■ gage, and very refreshing ; it is cultivated 

 in some parts of Brazil. The Rose Apples 

 of the East are the produce of E. malac- 

 censis and E. Jambos. E. Ugni, a native of 

 Chili, has lately been introduced into En- 

 glish gardens, where it is at least as hardy 

 as its near ally, the myrtle. Its fruit is 

 highly esteemed in Chili. Those grown in 

 : this country are glossy black when ripe, 

 and have an agreeable flavour and per- 

 fume. Numerous other species are grown 

 ' either for their handsome foliage or for 

 their flowers. E. Lama is one of the most 

 beautiful of these. [M. T. MJ 



ETTKYLISTA Spruceana, the only spe- 

 cies of the genus, is described as a tree 

 attaining the height of fifty to seventy 

 feet, with bark which scales off like that of 

 the plane tree ; its flowers show it to be 

 one of the Cinclwnacece. The flower buds 

 are at first enclosed within membranous 

 bracts, which ultimately fall off ; the limb 

 of the calyx is scarcely developed ; the 

 tube of the corolla is short, its limb 

 divided into six to eight lobes, and its 

 throat lined with dense hairs ; stigmas 

 two. Fruit a capsule, dividing into two 

 pieces, the seeds winged. [M. T.M.] 



EELOBCS. A Calif ornian annual, with 

 narrow leaves, and rather large white 

 flowers often tinged with red, constituting 

 a genus of Onagracece, distinguished from 

 1 CEnothera chiefly by its long slender 

 linear capsules incompletely divided into 

 four cells. 



EULOPHlA. A numerous genus of 

 epiphytal or terrestrial orchids, natives of 

 tropical Asia, Africa, and America, but oc- 

 curring in greatest numbers at the Cape. 

 They have either pseudobulbs with one or 

 two leaves,or tuberous rhizomes of the size 

 of potatos or larger, with the leaves and 

 flower-scapes arising laterally from near 

 the base. The leaves are grassy, or lance- 

 shaped and plaited ; and the flower-scapes 

 either simple or branched, bearing few or 

 many flowers, which seldom exceed an inch 

 in diameter, the prevailing colour being 

 yellow. The sepals and petals are nearly 

 \ equal ; the lip pouched or spurred, with an 



entire or trilobed limb, bearded or crested 

 in the middle ; the column with a terminal 

 helmet-shaped anther-case, enclosing the 

 two pollen masses with their very short 

 caudicle, attached to a rather large diverg- 

 ing gland. A few of the species have been 

 in cultivation. Cyrtopera, Galeandra, and 

 Zygopetalum, have all been referred to this | 

 genus by Dr. Blume. [A. A. B.] 



EUMORPHIA. The name of a pretty 

 little South African bush of the composite 

 family, nearly related to, and having 

 flower-heads like those of the chamomile. 

 It differs, however, in the achenes, which 

 are four or five-angled, and destitute of 

 pappus. The leaves also are very different, 

 being minute, heath-like, and closely j 

 packed on the twigs, which are terminated 

 by three white-rayed flower-heads. The ! 

 plant was first gathered by Mr. Drege, a : 

 collector in South Africa, and is named | 

 after him E. Bregeana. [A. A. B.] j 



EFONYMIJS. The Spindle-tree, a com- ' 

 mon hedge shrub or small tree, better 

 known among mechanics by the names 

 Dogwood, Pegwood, Skewerwood, and 1 

 Prickwood. It may be discriminated in j 

 summer by its ovate lanceolate shining : 

 leaves, and by its small pale green flowers, 

 each composed of four petals, issuing 

 cross-wise from a whitish disk. These are 

 borne two to five together on a stalk in 

 the axils of the leaves, and are succeeded j 

 by top-shaped seed-vessels of three blunt i 

 lobes, and as many cells, each containing 

 a solitary seed. Towards autumn these [ 

 become more conspicuous among the \ 

 leaves (now turning yellow) by their as- 

 suming a pink hue : and when the tree has i 

 entirely lost its foliage, they are highly i 

 ornamental. Each of the lobes of the 

 capsule, which has by this time acquired a \ 

 bright rose-coloured hue, opens at the pro- j 

 jecting angle, and discloses the seed wrap- ! 

 ped in an orange-coloured arillus. The j 

 foliage, flowers, and fruit of the Spindle- 

 tree are poisonous, but the last are some- 

 times used as a dye. The wood, which is 

 of a light yellow hue, being strong, com- 

 pact, and easily worked, is applied to many 

 useful purposes. 'Skewers, pegs for shoes, 

 spindles, toothpicks,' readily suggest the 

 derivation of its various names. The 

 charcoal made from the young shoots is 

 also much approved by artists for its 

 smoothness, and the ease with which it 

 may be erased. Among foreign species 

 cultivated in British gardens, E. lat if alius 

 is the handsomest, from its broad shining 

 leaves and its large red pendulous seed- 

 vessels, with orange-coloured seeds, which, 

 when the capsules open, are highly orna- 

 mental. E. japonicus is an evergreen 

 species with rounded ovate-toothed leaves. 

 French, Fusain ; German, Spindelbaum. 



EP/PATOIRE D'AVICEJSTNE. (Fr.) Eu- 

 patorium cannabinum. — DE MESUE. 

 Achillea Ageratum. 



ETTPATORIUM. An extensive genus of 

 C'ornpositce, consisting for the most part of 



