even] 



€f)£ Ereagur^ at Matmxy, 



482 



long coloured bracts. The anther is two- 

 celled, with eight pollen masses attached 

 in lours to a very short caudicle with a 

 triangular gland. E. Caravata, from the 

 West Indies and French Guiana, is in cul- 

 tivation. It has hispid stems a foot high, 

 hearing long lance-shaped rough leaves, 

 and bright yellow flowers with a beauti- 

 fully fringed lip, almost hidden from view. 

 by long pink bracts. The genus bears the 

 name of John Evelyn, an eminent patriot 

 of the seventeenth century. Elleanthns is 

 a synonym. [A. A. B.] 



EVENING FLOWER. Hespcrantha. 



EVENNESS. An absence of elevations or 

 depressions of the surface of any part or 

 organ. 



EVERGREEN. Continuing to bear green 

 leaves all the year round. 



EVERNIA. A small genus of lichens 

 belonging to the usneoid tribe of Parme- 

 UacecE, differing from Eamalina in their 

 having a distinct under-surface to the flat 

 erect branched fronds. They are some- 

 times prettily coloured, E. flavicans and 

 vulpina being of a beautiful yellow. E. 

 prunastri is common in almost every 

 thicket, and was formerly ground down 

 with starch to make hair powder. It was 

 used, at the instigation of Lord Dundonald, 

 as a substitute for gum in cotton-printing. 

 The yellow species contain two distinct 

 colouring principles, and of these E. vul- 

 pina is said to be poisonous to wolves. 

 E. flavicans occurs in the south of England, 

 but prefers warmer regions. [M. J. B.] 



EVIA. A genus of Indian trees belong- 

 ing to the Anacardiacece, and, judging 

 from description, so closely allied to Spon- 

 dias as hardly to be distinguished from it. 

 In Euia the filaments are awl-shaped, in 

 Spondias thread-like. The fruits of Evia 

 are edible. [M T. MJ 



EVITTATE. Not striped; destitute of 

 vittae. 



EVODTA. A genus of small rutaceous 

 trees or shrubs, natives of tropical New 

 Holland and the Indian Archipelago. The 

 flowers are disposed in a panicled manner, 

 and the flower-stalks are jointed in the 

 middle. The parts of the flower are four- 

 fold ; the calyx persistent : the petals and 

 stamens inserted at the base of a cup- 

 shaped sinuous disc, which encircles the 

 lower part of the four ovaries ; the styles 

 are four, becoming after a time fused into 

 one. The fruit consists of four carpels 

 which separate. E. triphylla is a stove- 

 shrub with white flowers. [M. T. M.] 



EVODIANTHUS. A genus of Panda- 

 nacew, consisting of climbing somewhat 

 palm-like plants, with cleft leaves, and 

 monoecious flowers arranged on stalked 

 spadices, which are protected by three 

 bracts. The perianth of the male flower, 

 in which the distinguishing characters of 

 the genus reside, is tubular, funnel-shaped 

 and curved, the lower portion fleshy and tri- 

 angular, the upper part bell-shaped, some- 



what four-cornered, the limb very short 

 and divided into several lobes, which are 

 arranged in two rows, those of the outer 

 row detached one from the other, those 

 of the inner confluent, and provided with 

 two teeth. The species are natives of 

 i Costa Rica, and greatly resemble those of 

 j Carludovica. [M. T. M.] 



EVOLUTIO. The act of developement. 



| EVOLVULTTS. A considerable genus of 



j Convolvulacece, containing nearly sixty de- 



i scribed species, natives chiefly of tropical 



America, but with one or two species from 



! the warmer regions of the Old World. 



They are annual herbs, or have a perennial 



sometimes woody stock, and bear entire 



usually small nearly sessile leaves, and 



small flowers on axillary peduncles, or in 



terminal spikes or racemes, with the | 



corolla campanulate or funnel-shaped, and 



angular or lobed. [W. C] 



EVONYMDS. Euonymus. 



EVOSMIA. Tropical American shrubs 

 or small trees, belonging to the Cincho- 

 nacea>, and having red flowers on slender 

 axillary stalks, the corolla wheel-shaped, 

 the stamens short. The fruit is a four- 

 celled berry, crowned by the limb of the 

 calyx, and having an agreeable odour. Sir 

 R. Schomburgh says that cases of poison- 

 ing among the Indians have arisen from 

 their using the wood of one of these plants, 

 E. corymbosa, as a spit whereon to cook 

 meat. [M. T.M.] 



EWALDIA. A genus of begoniads, 

 consisting of villous shrubby plants found 

 in Brazil. Their staminate flowers have 

 four, and the pistillate five sepals; anthers 

 oblong, with united filaments; style per- 

 sistent, its branches surrounded by a con- 

 tinuous papillose band, which makes two 

 spiral turns ; placentas undivided, their 

 transverse sections being ovate. There 

 are two known species, E.ferruginea and 

 E. lobata; both of them formerly included 

 under Begonia. The genus is named in 

 honour of Dr. Ewald. of the Berlin 

 Academy. [J. H. B.J 



EX. See E. But exo signifies outwards 

 or external, as in exogens and exintine, 

 auasi exointine. 



EXACUM. Erect branched annual herbs, 

 with opposite sessile leaves and showy, 

 blue, yellow, or white flowers, belonging 

 to the Gentianacece. The calyx is bell- 

 shaped and four-cleft ; the corolla salver- 

 shaped, four-cleft, with an inflated tube ; 

 the capsule globose, two-celled, many-seed- 

 ed, and splitting ; the seeds minute. The 

 plant described by Sir J. Smith under the 

 name of Exacum filiforme is the Gentiana 

 filiformis of Linnaeus and the Cicendiaflli- 

 formis of modern botanists. French, Gen- 

 tianelle ; German, Kugelrbhre. [C. A. J.J 



EXADENTTS. Tropical American annuals 

 of the gentian family, with linear leaves 

 and four-parted flowers, the corolla wheel- 

 shaped, four-cleft, persistent, and each of 

 its four segments provided on the outside 



