fren] 



QLtyz Creagurg at Itatauj). 



508 



part of the Sierra Nevada. It forms a de- 

 ciduous bush four to ten feet high, having 

 much the aspect of an ordinary fig-tree. 

 The rounded five to seven-lobed leaves, 

 however, are smaller than those of the fig, 

 and clothed with rusty hairs underneath. 



Fremontia californica. 



The handsome yellow flowers are pro- 

 duced singly on the ends of short spur-like 

 branches, and consist of a broadly bell- 

 shaped calyx of five spreading divisions, 

 clothed sparsely with cinnamon-coloured 

 down outside ; five stamens having their 

 stalks united below into a cup ; and an ovoid 

 ovary surrounded by the staminal cup, and 

 terminating in a simple style. The fruits 

 are oval capsules, which, when ripe, split 

 into five woody portions, each of which 

 contains a few black seeds. [A. A. B.] 



FRENCH BERRIES. The fruits of 

 Bhamnus inferior ius, saxatilis, amygdali- 

 nus, &c. 



FRENELA. A genus of Conifers of the 

 tribe Cupressinew. The flowers are incom- 

 plete, the staminate and pistillate ones on 

 the same plant : the former in cylindrical 

 catkins, with numerous stamens, imbri- 

 cated in six rows ; the latter in globular 

 or conical cones of six scales. The seeds 

 are numerous, winged on both sides. Re- 

 sinous trees or shrubs of New Holland, 

 with cylindrical or three-angled branches, 

 and ternate, scale-like, persistent, and de- 

 current leaves. They are two years in 

 ripening their seeds. The name was given 

 by Mirbel after M. Frenel. There are 

 twenty known species. [J. H. B.] 



FRENE. (Fr.) Fraxirms excelsior. — 

 A FLEURS. Ornus europcea. — A LA 

 MANNE. Fraxirms rotundifolia. 



FRESENIA. A South African genus of 

 Compositce characterised by its yellow 

 flower-heads containing about fifteen 

 florets, all of which are tubular and per- 

 fect ; and by its achenes crowned with a 

 double pappus, the exterior short and 



chaffy, the interior of rough hairs. F. 

 leptophylla and scaposa, the only species, 

 are dwarf undershrubs, the former with 

 opposite linear smooth, the latter with al- 

 ternate downy leaves, and both with small 

 terminal flower-heads. [A. A. B.] 



FRESHWATER SOLDIER. Stratiotes 



FREYCINETIA. A genus of Panda- 

 nacece consisting of climbing or scrambling 

 trees, natives of the Indian Archipelago, 

 Norfolk Island, New. Zealand, &c. They 

 have the habit of Pandanus, from which 

 they are distinguished by having their 

 male flowers upon an unbranched spadix, 

 by their female flowers having abortive 

 stamens, and by the ovaries having nume- 

 rous ovules placed on three parietal pla- 

 centae. The fruit consists of numerous 

 fleshy drupe-like carpels, completely or 

 partially fused together, so that there are 

 many or only one cell containing the nu- 

 merous seeds. Examples of this genus are 

 shown in Plate 10, fig. c, and Plate 14, 

 fig. c [M. T. M.] 



FREYERA. A genus of umbellifers, 

 having the fruit flattened laterally, each 

 half with five sharp wing-like ridges ; and 

 comprehending a single herbaceous plant, 

 a native of Ulyria, the stem of which is 

 slightly branched, with compound leaves 

 twice divided, the divisions one orthree- 

 lobed ; flowers white ; fruit black. [G. D.] 



FREZIERA. A South American genus 

 of Ternstrdmiacece, chiefly found in the 

 temperate regions of the Andes. They 

 are evergreen bushes or trees of consider- 

 able magnitude, often with the aspect of 

 laurels, but their leaves are usually covered 

 beneath with close-pressed silky down. 

 The little white flowers are usually two or 

 three together, sometimes solitary in the 

 axils of the leaves ; they have a five- 

 leaved calyx, five rounded petals, nume- 

 rous stamens, and a [three to five-celled 

 ovary, which becomes a small dry berry 

 with numerous seeds. Cleyera, to which 

 this genus is most nearly allied, has few 

 seeds in each cell. The wood of F. chryso- 

 phylla is preferred to many others in the 

 Peruvian Andes for making charcoal ; its 

 lance-shaped leaves are clothed beneath 

 with golden down. F. theoides, a common 

 "West Indian species, has smooth leaves like 

 those of the tea, said to be astringent and 

 to have a similar taste. [A. A. B.] 



FRIAR'S-COWL. Arisarum vulgare. 

 FRIESIA. The name formerly given to 

 the Tasmanian species of Aristotelia. 



FRIJOLES. A Spanish name for various 

 kinds of pulse. 



FRINGED. The same as Fimbriate. 



FRINGE-MYRTLES. A name given by 

 Lindley to the Chamcelauciacece. 



FRINGE-TREE. Chionanthus. 



FRITILLARIA. A genus of liliaceous 

 plants of ornamental character, found in 



