the south of Europe and in Asia. They 

 are perennials, furnished with bulbs, and 

 have erect annual stems with alternate or 

 somewhat whorled often glaucous leaves, 

 nodding bell-shaped flowers, sometimes 

 solitary and terminating the stem, some- 

 times disposed in the form of a raceme in 

 the axils of the upper leaves, or sometimes 

 collected into a whorl beneath a terminal 

 leafy tuft, this last being the arrangement 

 in the Crown Imperial, F. imperialis, one 

 of the most stately of the species. The 

 perianth is six-parted, and each of its 

 segments has a honey-pore near its base ; 

 within this are six stamens, and a three- 

 celled ovary crowned by a three-parted 

 style. In several of the species, especially 

 in the native one, F. Meleagris, the colours 

 of the flower are chequered, whence it is 

 said the name is derived, from fritlilus, 

 assumed to mean a chess-board. [T. M.] 



FRITZSCHTA. A genus of Melasto- 

 ■macece, composed of a few dwarf peren- 

 nial Brazilian herbs, having much the 

 aspect of the common thyme. Their mi- 

 nute leaves are smooth and marked with 

 glandular dots, which is unusual in this 

 family, and the slender twigs are termi- 

 nated by solitary small purple flowers, 

 which have a tubular calyx, four elliptical 

 petals, eight straight stamens, with ovoid 

 anthers united to their fllamentsbyashort 

 connective which has on its inner face 

 two tubercles or short spurs. The te- 

 tramerous structure distinguishes them 

 from some, and the nature of the stamens 

 from others, of their allies. [A. A. B.] 



FROLICHIA. A genus of Amaran- 

 thaxece nearly allied to Gomphrena, from 

 which it differs in having a tubular peri- 

 anth five-cleft at the apex, and stamens 

 with the filaments united into along tube. 

 They are natives of tropical America, one 

 species reaching as far north as Illinois; 

 and consist of hairy or woolly herbs, with 

 opposite sessile leaves and spiked flowers, 

 each with three scarious bracts. [J. T. S.] 



FROG-BIT. Hydrocharis morsus ranee,- 

 — , AMERICAN. LimnoMum. 



FROG-CHEESE. A name applied occa- 

 sionally to the larger puff-balls when 

 young. [M. J. B.] 



■ FROLE. (Fr.) Arbutus Unedo. 



FROMAGEON. (Fr.) Malva rotundi- 

 folia. 



FROMAGER. (Fr.) Bombax. — EPI- 

 NE US. Bombax Ceiba. 



FROMENTAL. (Fr.) Avena elatior. 



FROMENT. (Fr.) Triticum. — CULTIVE. 

 Triticum vulgare. — DES HAIES. Triti- 

 cum caninum. — LOCULAR. Triticum 

 monococcum. 



' FROND, FRONS. A combination of leaf 

 and stem, as in many algals and liver- 

 worts ; also improperly applied to a leaf 

 which bears reproductive bodies, as that 

 of dorsiferous ferns. Linnaeus applied it 



to palm leaves, and so destroyed its mean- 

 ing. 



FRONDOSE. Covered with leaves ; bear- 

 ing a great number of leaves. 



FRONDIPAROUS. A monstrosity, con- 

 sisting in the production of leaves instead 

 of fruit. 



FROPIERA. A small tree from the 

 Mauritius with alternate evergreen entire 

 leaves and small flowers in axillary clusters 

 or short racemes, forming a very distinct 

 genus, whose immediate affinities have not 

 been ascertained. The dotted leaves and 

 most points of structure are those of 

 Myrtacece, but the ovary is entirely su- 

 perior, and the stamens definite. 



FROSTED. A term applied to surfaces 

 in which a dewy appearance is opaque, as 

 if the drops were congealed. 



FROST-WEED. Helianthemum cana- 

 dense. 



FRUCTIFICATION. The parts of the 

 flower ; or more properly the fruit and its 

 parts. 



FRUCTIPAROUS. A monstrosity, con- 

 sisting in the production of several fruits, 

 instead of the one which is metamor- 

 phosed. 



FRUIT. That part of a plant which con- 

 sists of the ripened carpels, and the parts 

 adhering to them. — , SPURIOUS. Any 

 kind of inflorescence which grows up with 

 the fruit, and forms one body with it, as a 

 pine cone. 



FRULLANIA. A large genus of Junger- 

 manniaceai, distinguished by its numerous 

 archegones and complicated leaves. The 

 species occur in all parts of the world, but 

 are far more common in tropical or sub- 

 tropical countries than in Europe. F. ta- 

 marisci is almost universally distributed, 

 and is found abundantly in rather moun- 

 tainous heathy districts, where it is con- 

 spicuous for its purple hue. The leaves in 

 this genus are remarkable for the inflated 

 lobes on their under side. [M. J. B.] 



FRUSTULES. The joints into which the 

 brittleworts separate. 



FRUSTULOSE. Consisting of small 

 fragments. 



FRUTA DE BURRO, of Carthagena. A 

 poisonous plant supposed to be a species 

 of Capparis. — , of Humboldt. The fruit 

 of Xylopia grandiflora. — DE PA RAO. 

 The fruit of Schmidelia edulis. 



FRUTEX (adj. FRUTICOSE, FRUTES- 

 CENT). A shrub ; a woody plant which 

 does not form a trunk, but divides into 

 branches nearly down to the ground. 



FRUTICULUS. A small shrub. 



FUCACE^E. A natural order of dark- 

 spored Algo3, consisting of olive-coloured 

 inarticulate seaweeds whose spores are 

 contained in spherical cavities in the 

 frond. Most of them are large species of 



