gall] 



Efje CrauSurg of 33otanj?. 



518 



GALL OF THE EARTH. Mulocdium 

 floridanum, or, according to Dr. Asa Gray, 

 Nabulus Fraseri. 



GALLESIA. A genus of Phytolaccacew, 

 a large Brazilian tree, with alternate 

 stalked ovate or oval entire pellucid-dotted, 

 smooth leaves, small tubercular stipules, 

 and a many-flowered terminal panicle of 

 sessile flowers, each with three bracteoles, 

 and having a four-parted calyx and nume- 

 rous stamens in two rows. The fruit is a 

 samaroid achene, with a large scimetar- 

 shaped wing at the apex. [J. T. S.] 



GALLINHA CHOCA. Erythroxylon su- 

 berosum. 



GALLS. Excrescences of various kinds 

 and forms produced in plants by the pre- 

 sence of the larvae of different insects. 

 The forms which they assume are multi- 

 tudinous, and the changes produced in the 

 tissues various. They occur on all parts of 

 the- plant, and sometimes in great quan- 

 tities, but they appear in general to do 

 little harm if they do not attack the parts 

 of fructification. It is probable that the 

 change of growth depends in the first place 

 upon some acrid fluid discharged together 

 with the egg. The process of caprification, 

 in which figs are stimulated to generate 

 juicy Instead of dry tissues, is strictly ana- 

 j logous, though there is no external altera- 

 j tionofform. The rootlike .galls in grasses 

 I are produced by larvae between the sheath 

 and the stem, and not penetrating the sub- 

 stance. [M. J. B.] 



GALPHIMIA. An anagram of Malpi- 

 ghia, applied to a genus of Mexican malpi- 

 ghiaceous shrubs, some of which are culti- 

 vated as evergreens in our stoves. They 

 have a five-parted calyx whose segments 

 are mostly destitute of glands ; five stalked 

 petals generally ribbed on their outer sur- 

 face ; ten stamens slightly adherent at the 

 base ; and a three-lobed, three-celled ovary 

 with a solitary pendulous ovule in each 

 compartment. The fruit consists of three 

 two-valved carpels. [M. T. M.] 



GALUNCHA. An Indian febrifuge pre- 

 pared from the stems of Tinospora verru- 

 cosa and cordifolia. 



GAMASS. The Squamash or Biscuit- 

 root, Camassia esculenta. 



GAMBIR. A powerful astringent ob- 

 tained from Uncaria Gambir, and employed 

 as a substitute for catechu. 



GAMBOGE, AMERICAN. The juice of 

 Vismia guianensis. — -, CEYLON. A gum- 

 resin obtained from Garcinia Cambogia, 

 also called Cambogia Gutta. and Hebraden- 

 dron gambogioid.es. — , MYSORE. The 

 gum-resin of Garcinia pictoria, otherwise 

 Hebradendron pictorium. — , SIAM. A 

 gum-resin supposed by some to be the pro- 

 duce of Garcinia cochin chineusis, and by 

 others that of G. Cambogia. 



GAMO. In Greek compounds = united 

 by the edges ; thus pa.mophyllus signifies 

 leaves united by their edges, while gamo- 



sepalous means monosepalous, and gamo- 

 petalous, monopetalous. 



GAMOLEPIS. A small genus of South 

 African Composites, having smooth entire 

 three-lobed or pinnatifid leaves, and ter- 

 minal solitary or corymbose, long-stalked 

 flower-heads containing numerous florets. 

 They are nearly related to Leucantlu mum. 

 but differ in the scales of the involucre 

 being in one series, and more or less united 

 by their margins so as to form a cup. The 

 ray florets are strap-shaped, and contain 

 only a pistil, the disk florets being tubular 

 and perfect ; while the achenes are smooth 

 wingless and destitute of pappus. [A. A. B.j 



GAMOPLEXIS orobanclwides is the 

 name of a tuberous-rooted North-west In- 

 dian orchid which is destitute of leaves, 

 and has the aspect of an Orobanche. It is 

 notable for its parasitism, which is rare 

 amongst endogenous plants. Dr. Falconer 

 states that the tuberous rhizome emits no 

 root-fibres by which to fix itself on other 

 plants, but is itself matted over by their 

 slender rootlets, giving rise to the ap- 

 pearance of the plant being the subject of 

 a parasitical growth rather than a parasite 

 itself. The stem is one to two feet high, 

 pale straw colour, terminating in a long 

 raceme of flowers. The lip is combined 

 with the sepals and petals to form a tubu- 

 lar perianth, whence the name of the ge- 

 nus ; and the pollen is not waxy or powdery, 

 but granular as in Gastrodia, which differs 

 in the lip being free, instead of connate 

 with the tube of the perianth. [A. A. B.] 



GANDASULI. (Fr.) Hedychium. —A 

 BOUQUETS. Hedychium coronarium. 



GANGLIA, The mycelium of certain 

 fungals. 



GANGRENE. A disease ending in putrid 

 decay. 



GANITRE. (Fr.) Elceocarpus. 



GANNE. (Fr.) Molinia ccerulea. 



GANT DE NOTRE DAME. (Fr.) Cam- 

 panula Trachelium ; also Aquilegia vulga- 

 ris, and Digitalis purpurea. 



GANTELEE. (Fr.) Campanula Trache- 

 lium; also Digitalis purpurea. 



GANTIERE. (Fr.) Digitalis purpurea. 



GANYMEDES. A name proposed for a 

 few species of Narcissus, e. g. N. triaudrus, 

 pulchellus, nutans, &c. They are called 

 Rush Daffodils from the rush-like leaves. 

 The perianth has a slender drooping tube 

 and reflexed limb, the cup or coronet is 

 equal to or shorter than the limb, thesepa- 

 line stamens are prolonged, and the style 

 is straight and slender. [T. M.J 



GARANCE. (Fr.) Rubia tinctorum. 



GARB. Salix babylonica. 



GARB ANZOS. The Spanish name of the 

 Gram, Cicer arietinum. 



GARCINIA. A genus of Clusiacece, con- 

 sisting of several opposite-leaved trees 



