tinguisbed by its pods being destitute of 

 . the hardened hooked style seen in the 

 j latter, and by the ten stamens, which are 

 ' united into a tube, being all, instead of the 

 alternate ones only, anther-bearing. The 

 species are pretty equally distributed 

 through tropical Asia, Africa, and Aus- 

 tralia, where a few inhabit ertratropical 

 regions. The Sooja of the Japanese, G. 

 Soja, the only erect species of the genus, a 

 dwarf annual hairy plant, a good deal like 

 the common dwarf kidney or French bean 

 (Phaseolus vulgaris), has small Tiolet or 

 yellow flowers, borne in short axillary ra- 

 cemes, and succeeded by oblong two to 

 five-seeded hairy pods. The seeds, like 

 kidney beans in form but smaller, are 

 called Miso by the Japanese, and are made 

 into a sauce which they call Sooja or Soy. 

 The manner of making it is said to be by 

 boiling the beans with equal quantities of 

 barley or wheat, and leaving it for three 

 months to ferment, after which salt and 

 water is added, and the liquid strained. The 

 sauce is said to be used by them in many of 

 their dishes, and they use the beans in 

 soups. The Chinese cook the beans also in 

 various ways, and the plant is cultivated for 

 the sake of them in various parts of India 

 and its Archipelago. Mr. Bentham groups 

 the species in three sections, which some 

 regard as genera : Soja, with flowers fasci- 

 cled on the racemes, and falcate pods with 

 depressions but not transverse lines be- 

 tween the seeds ; Johuia, with flowers simi- 

 larly arranged, and straight pods with 

 transverse lines between the seeds ; and 

 Leptocyanus, with solitary flowers on the 

 racemes, and straight pods. The Glycine 

 or Wistaria of gardens is now referred to 

 Millettia. [A. A. B.] 



GLYCOSMIS. A name indicative of the 

 sweetly-smelling flowers in the genus to 

 which it refers, which consists of tropical 

 Asiatic trees or shrubs, belonging to the 

 Aurantiaceae, and closely allied to Limonia, 

 but differing in the absence of spines, in 

 the eight stamens being alternately long 

 and short, in the short thick conical style, 

 &c. G. pentaphylla is a common under- 

 shrub in the uncultivated districts of Coro- 

 mandel. G. citrifolia is remarkable for the 

 delicious flavour of its fruits. [M. T. M.] 



GLYCYRRHIZA. The best known plant 

 of this genus is that which reputedly 

 furnishes Spanish Liquorice, G. glabra— 

 though possibly other species may be em- 

 ployed for the same purpose. G. glabra is an 

 herbaceous perennial, with pinnate leaves 

 and bluish flowers, and is cultivated in this 

 country for the sake of its root, which 

 contains a peculiar sugar-like substance, 

 giving to the extract its flavour and slight 

 demulcent property. To make the extract 

 the root is sliced and boiled in water ; after 

 a time the liquor is strained and allowed to 

 evaporate till it becomes of a proper con- 

 sistence. Large quantities of this extract 

 are imported from Spain, whence the term 

 Spanish Liquorice ; much is also imported 

 from Italy, where it is prepared from the 

 root of G. echinata. It is imported in rolls . 



five or six inches long, about the thickness 

 of a man's thumb, and is packed in the 

 leaves of the sweet bay. What is called 

 refined liquorice is common liquorice dis- 

 solved in water, and again evaporated. It 

 is said that both kinds are adulterated to 

 a considerable extent, and that copper is 

 often to be detected in them— probably 

 from the extract having been made in an 

 unclean copper vessel. Liquorice extract 

 is demulcent in colds and coughs, but it is 

 most extensively employed by the large 

 porter brewers. The genus belongs to the 

 LeguminoscE, and is characterised by the 

 presence of a tubular five-cleft two-lipped 

 calyx ; an ovate straight standard , a keel 

 of two straight pointed petals ; stamens in 

 two parcels ; style thread-like ; pod ovate, 

 compressed, one to four-seeded. [M. T. M.] 



GLYPELEA. A genus of Tiliacece, of 

 which G. greiuioides, the only species, is a 

 West African bush, furnished with smooth, 

 alternate, papery, three-ribbed, toothed 

 leaves, varying from lance-shaped to ob- 

 long, and bearing yellow flowers in axillary 

 umbels. They have a calyx of five narrow 

 sepals , five petals ; numerous stamens ; and 

 an ovary tipped with a simple style. The 

 fruits are many-furrowed, spindle-shaped, 

 three to five-celled, many-seeded, the seeds 

 one above another, and separated by a thin 

 cellular partition. [A. A. B.] 



GLYPHO-SPERMUM. A name applied to 

 a genus of Gentianacew, on account of the 

 seeds, which are pitted. They are Peru- 

 vian shrubs, with small purple polygamous 

 flowers, having a five-cleft tubular corolla, 

 a one-celled ovary, no style, and a button- 

 shaped two-lobed stigma. [M. T. JM.] 



GLYPHOT^ENIUM. A name proposed 

 by J. Smith for Goniopteris crispata. 



GLYPTOSTROBUS, or Embossed Cy- 

 press, is a genus of coniferous plants, allied 

 to Taxodium. The name is derived from 

 the Greek words 'glyptos,' carved or en- 

 graved, and ' strobos.'a cone, from the em- 

 bossing on the scales. The flowers are 

 monoecious. The cones grow at the end of 

 lateral branches, and are ovate or oblong, 

 consisting of several unequal leathery 

 scales, which rise from the same point at 

 the base ; each scale covers two seeds, 

 which are erect, ovate, and compressed. 

 They are trees or shrubs, found in China, 

 with straight or pendulous branches, and 

 scattered, linear awl-shaped, three-angled 

 leaves. G. heterophyllus, a small tree eight 

 to ten feet high, is the Chinese Water Pine, 

 planted along the margins of rice-fields 

 near Canton, and found also in other parts 

 of China. [J. H. B.] 



GMELINA. A genus of Verbenacece, con- 

 sisting of a. number of East Indian trees 

 or shrubs, characterised by their cup- 

 shaped minutely four to five-toothed calyx ; 

 tubular corollas, with the tube narrow 

 below, somewhat bell-shaped above, and 

 spreading and two-lipped at the border ; and 

 drupe-like two to four-celled fruits with one 

 seed in each cell. The leaves are simple, 



