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GOXGORA. A singular genus of orchids 

 found growing on tree-stems in tropical 

 America. They have oblong, grooved, 

 two-leaved pseudobulbs, the leaves broadly 

 lance-shaped, plaited and a foot or more in 

 length ; and, growing from the base of the 

 pseudobulb, drooping flower-racemes which 

 are sometimes two feet long. The lateral 

 sepals are free and spreading, the upper 

 one remote and connate with the back of 

 the lengthened, arched, hammer-headed 

 column ; the petals small and adnate to the 

 j- middle of the column ; while the curious 

 clawed lip is continuous with the base of 

 the column, and contracted in the middle, 

 the lower portion being furnished on each 

 side with a bristle-like horn, and the ter- 

 minal part vertical and pointed, with the 

 opposite faces folded together. The anther 

 I is two-celled, with two linear pollen-masses 

 i on the end of a narrow caudicle fixed at 

 j the base to a small gland. Upwards of a 

 i dozen species are known. G. atropurpurea, 

 j from Trinidad, has long pendent racemes 

 j of curiously formed purple flowers, re- 

 j minding one of some insect. In G. via- 

 ! ciduta, from Demerara, they are yellow 

 marked with blood-red spots. The struc- 

 I ture of the flowers of these curious plants 

 j is very singular, and well repays examina- 

 i tion. Those of G. galeata, better known in 

 gardens under the name of Acropera Lod- 

 j digesii, and especially those of a closely 

 related plant called Acropera luteola, have 

 • been subjected to a close examination by 

 I Mr. Darwin, the result of which is that he 

 believes some orchids to be unisexual, 

 although both male and female organs are 

 present in each flower. See Darwin, On 

 Orchid Fertilisation, p. 21. [A. A. B.] 



GOXGRONEMA. A genus of Asclepia- 

 dacece, nearly allied to Gymnema, contain- 

 ing a few species of twining shrubs, natives 

 of India. They have opposite coriaceous 

 and glabrous leaves, and small flowers in 

 large lax compound corymbs, except in one 

 species in which they are arranged in a 

 simple umbel. The calyx is five-parted, 

 and the rotate corolla five-cleft, with the 

 throat and tube naked ; there is no stami- 1 

 nal corona, but the gynostegium has small 

 fleshy glands at its base. The follicles are 

 smooth. [W. C.] 



GOXGYLODES. Having an irregular 

 roundish figure. 



GOXGYLOSPERME-E. A division of 

 rose-spored Algce, containing those genera 

 in which the spores are collected without 

 order in a mucous or membranaceous 

 mother cell. The nucleus is sometimes 

 compound. The filamentous Ceramiacece, 

 and the solid Rhodymeniacece and Cryptone- 

 miacece, belong to this division. [M. J. B.] 



GO^GTLUS. The spores of certain fun- 

 gals. Also a round, hard, deciduous body 

 connected with the reproduction of certain 

 seaweeds. 



GOXIDIA. A name applied to the green 

 spherical cells in the thallus of lichens 

 which are the distinctive mark between 



these plants and Fungi. They assume dif- 

 ferent types in different divisions. In 

 most lichens they are of a pure green, and 

 are developed from the tips of the consti- 

 tuent threads singly or in tufts ; in Colleiiia 

 they are less highly coloured, and form 

 moniliform threads resembling those of 

 Sostoc; in Paulia they are large and gela- 

 tinous, increasing by cell-division as in 

 some Palmellce ; while in Ephebe they are 

 quadripartite, and resemble Hcematococcas 

 in their developement. [M. J. B.] 



GONIOMA. A genus of dogbanes, hav- 

 ing the tube of the corolla angular at the 

 upper part, the interior being hairy, and 

 the border five-cleft ; and two seed-vessels 

 rough on the outside, the seeds having a 

 long wing. G. Kamassi is a native of the 

 Cape, in the form of a shrub, with branches 

 swollen at the points where leaves arise : 

 the latter are in pairs below, in threes 

 above ; flowers small and yellow. [G. D.] 



GONIOPHLEBIUM. A genus of poly- 

 podiaceous ferns, having the naked glo- 

 bose sori of Polypodium, and forming one 

 of the genera of the polypodineous group 

 with netted veins. The peculiar charac- 

 teristic of Goiriophlebium amongst these, 

 is that the veins are forked or pinnate 

 from a central costa, the lower anterior 

 branches being usually free and fertile at 

 the apex, and the rest angularly or arcu- 

 ately anastomosing, and producing from 

 their angles free excurrent veinlets, which 



GoniophlebU'm glaueophyllu 



are often fertile, the marginal veinlets 

 being free. There are often several series 

 of anastomosing veinlets, but sometimes 

 only one. The free (and in mature spe- 

 cimens usually fertile) veinlet produced 

 within the basal areole distinguishes this 

 group specially from its allies. There are 

 a considerable number of species, found 

 abundantly in South America and the 

 West Indies, and in India and the Eastern 

 and Pacific islands, more rarely in tropical 

 Africa, the Mascaren islands, and Mada- 



