guth] 



CTje Creatfurg at Matziw. 



558 



sometimes five or six inches across, tinged 

 with pink, not unlike those of some Mag- 

 nolias, and disposed in racemes or umbels 

 at the ends of the twigs. They consist of 

 a top-shaped calyx with an entire or lobed 

 border, four to eight rounded or oval petals, 

 very numerous stamens whose filaments 

 are united below into a ring ; and a four to 

 six-celled ovary tipped with a short conical 

 style and sulcate stigma. The fruits are 

 somewhat fleshy and apple-like. The wood 

 of G. urceolata, used for making hoops, is 

 called Bois puant in Cayenne, because it 

 becomes very fcetid after exposure to the 

 air. The small fruits of G. speciosa, accord- 

 ing to Humboldt, when eaten, have the 

 singular property of causing the body to 

 assume a yellow colour, which, however, 

 leaves it in the course of a day or two 

 without any application. The bruised 

 leaves of G. brasiliana are said by Martius 

 to have an unpleasant smell, and are 

 used in cases of indurated liver. The roots 

 are acrid, aromatic, and bitter ; and the 

 emetic fruit intoxicates flsh. [A. A. B.] 



GUTHNICKIA. The name of a few spe- 

 cies separated from Achimenes. It forms 

 one of the genera with a perigynous and 

 nearly entire thickened ring, and a stoma- 

 tomorphous stigma. Among these it is 

 known by the long gaping corolla, the tube 

 of which is straight and subcylindrical, 

 and by the stamens being adnate with the 

 lower part of the corolla tube. They are 

 hairy leafy Mexican herbs, with solitary 

 axillary scarlet flowers. [T. M.] 



GUTTA PERCHA. The gum-resin of 

 Isonandra Gutta. — TRAP. The inspis- 

 sated sap of Artocarpus. 



GUTTATUS. Spotted: that is, when 

 colour is disposed in small spots. 



GI7TIERREZIA. A small genus of com- 

 posite plants, of the same group as Solklago, 

 and differing from its near allies in the 

 achenes of the disk and ray florets being 

 fertile and furnished with a pappus of 

 several linear or oblong chaffy scales. 

 They are peculiar to America, and extend 

 from the prairies of the Red River to 

 Mexico, a few occurring in Chili and the 

 extreme south of the continent. For the 

 most part they are branching herbs one to 

 three feet high, with slender twiggy steins 

 furnished with linear entire gummy leaves, 

 and small yellow flower-heads very nume- 

 rous, arranged in corymbs at the ends of 

 the twigs. G. gymnospermoides, the only 

 species with any pretensions to beauty, has 

 flowers very much larger than the others, 

 and not unlike those of Pulicaria dysen- 

 terica. [A. A. B.] 



CH'TTIFER^E. (Chisiacea, Guttifers.) A 

 natural order of thalamifloral dicotyledons, 

 belonging to Lindley's guttiferal alliance 

 of bypogynous Exogens. Trees or shrubs 

 with a resinous juice, opposite leathery 

 entire leaves, and often incomplete flow- 

 ers : sepals and petals two four five six 

 or eight, the former often unequal, the 

 latter equilateral; stamens numerous, 



often united ; disk fleshy ; ovary one or 

 many-celled; stigma usually sessile and 

 radiate. Fruit dry or succulent, one or 

 many-celled; seeds exalbuminous, often im- 

 mersed in pulp. Natives of humid and hot 

 places in tropical regions, chiefly in South 

 America. Several are found in India, a 

 few in Madagascar and the continent of 

 Africa. The plants are generally acrid, and 

 yield a yellow gum-resin. Gamboge is pro- 

 duced by Cambogia Gutta, Garcinia cochin- 

 chinensis, G. elUptica, and G. tinctoria. The 

 famous mangosteen fruit is procured from 

 Garcinia Mangostana. The American 

 mammee apple is the produce of Mammea 

 americana. Keena oil is obtained from 

 species of Calophyllum. The Clusias are 

 handsome trees. Pentadesma butyracea is 

 the butter and tallow tree of Sierra Leone ; 

 its fruit yields fatty matter. There are 

 32 known genera and upwards of 150 spe- 

 cies. Examples : Clusia, Garcinia, Cam- 

 bogia, Calophyllum. [J. H. B.] 



GTJYONIA. A genus of Melastomacece, 

 bearing pentamerous flowers, having the 

 teeth of the calyx acute, the petals ovate- 

 lanceolate, the stamens ten, equal, with 

 ovoid blunt anthers, and the ovary five- 

 celled. They are tender smooth herbs 

 with prostrate and ascending steins, small 

 rhomboid-ovate leaves, and small solitary 

 rose-coloured flowers. G. tenella inhabits 

 moist ground on the banks of the Sene- 

 gambia rivers. [J. B". B.] 



GUZMANNIA. A genus of tropical 

 American herbs, belonging to the Brome- 

 liacew, and having an inferior calyx of 

 three equal segments cohering at the base 

 and spirally twisted, three petals rolled 

 together into a tube, the anthers also co- 

 hering so as to form a tube. The seeds are 

 numerous, provided with hairs, and en- 

 closed in a three-celled three-valved capsule. 

 G. tricolor is a pretty species with flowers on 

 ! a spike, concealed by the bracts, the lower- 

 most of which are green, while the upper 

 are scarlet. [M. T. MJ 



GYMNADENTA. A genus of terres- 

 I trial orchids, founded on the Orchis conop- 

 sea, which has the pollen-masses not en- 

 closed in any process of the stigma. Seve- 

 ral other species of European and North 

 American orchids have been associated 

 with it by some botanists, whilst others 

 i retain them in Orchis or in Hqbenaria. 



GYMNANDRA. A genus of Selaginaceai, 

 containing six speciesof herbaceousplants, 

 natives of Siberia, Arctic America, and 

 the mountains of India. The flowers 



. grow in long spikes at the apex of an erect 



! scape. The calyx is spathe-like, with a 

 fissure in front, and two or three-lobed be- 



! hind ; the tubular corolla is two-lipped ; 



, there are two stamens ; the free bilocular 

 ovary bears a long exserted style and a 

 stigma with two capitate lobes ; and the 

 fruit is surrounded by the withered bracts 

 and ^alyx.and consists of two achenes each 

 containing a cylindrical pendulous seed. 

 The structure of the fruit of this genus se- 

 parates it from Scrophulariacece, to which it 



