or numerous small and arranged in co- 

 rymbs. Another and larger group, which is 

 restricted to the Andean regions of Equa- 

 dor and New Grenada, are erect opposite- 

 leaved hushes or small trees, with white or 

 yellow rayed or ray less flower-heads, resem- 

 bling those of our own groundsels. This 

 latter group M. Weddell keeps alone in the 

 genus, and places the former with true 

 groundsels. To the latter belongs G.fra- 

 grans, the only species known in cultiva- 

 tion, a scandent bush with somewhat 

 fleshy ovate leaves, and pale yellow fra- 

 grant flowers, the heads about an inch 

 across and disposed in loose corymbs at the 

 ends of the twigs. About twenty species 

 are enumerated. [A. A. B.] 



GYNURA. A genus of the composite 

 family, containing upwards of twenty 

 species, all found in the tropics of the 

 eastern hemisphere, occurring in greatest 

 nuibbers in India and its Archipelago. 

 From Senecio, to which it is closely allied, 

 it differs in the style-branches having long 

 protruding points. Many of the species 

 are coarse perennial weeds, with distantly 

 toothed or pinnatifld leaves, the angular 

 stems terminating in corymbs of rich 

 yellow flower-heads, whose florets are all 

 tubular. Other species are scrambling 

 undershrubs. The rootstocks in some are 

 thick and fleshy, and not unfrequently the 

 leaves are of a fine purple colour under- 

 neath, which is the case with the G. bicolor, 

 a species from the Moluccas, cultivated in 

 hothouses for the sake of its leaves, and 

 having rich orange-coloured flower-heads 

 disposed in loose corymbs. [A. A. BJ 



GYPSOCALLIS. Erica. 



GYPSOPHILA. A genus of annual or 

 perennial evergreen herbaceous plants be- 

 longing to the Carijoplujllacece, in the alsi- 

 neous division of which they are distin- 

 guished by having the calyx campanulate, 

 angular, somewhat flve-lobed, the margins 

 membranous ; five petals without claws ; 

 ten stamens ; two styles ; and a one-celled 

 capsule. The species, which are numerous, 

 have leaves like those of the pink, and 

 small white or pink flowers, which are 

 usually disposed in diffuse panicles. They 

 inhabit various parts of Europe and Asia, 

 growing mostly in rocky or stony places, 

 especially in a limestone soil. Some of 

 them are occasionally cultivated as border 

 plants, or on rockeries. [C. A. J.] 



GYRANDRA. A Mexican perennial with 

 the habit of a Chironia, and forming a 

 genus of Gentianacca?. The flowers have a 

 five-parted wheel-shaped purple corolla, 

 into the throat of which are inserted the 

 stamens, whose showy yellow twisted an- 

 thers give a distinguishing character and 

 name to the genus. [M. T. M.] 



GYRATE. The same as Circinate ; curl- 

 ed inwards like a crozier. 



GYR1NOPSIS. An aquilariaceous shrub 

 of the Philippine Islands. The perianth is 

 coloured and funnel-shaped, with a five-cleft I 



limb ; and there are ten short hairy scales 

 placed in pairs opposite the lobes of the 

 perianth. [M. T. M.] 



GYROCARPUS. A genus of apetalous 

 Exogens, consisting of trees having poly- 

 gamous flowers, natives of the East Indies 

 and tropical parts of America. The leaves 

 are alternate, undivided or lobed, and the 

 flowers are collected in dense panicles. 

 The calyx in the hermaphrodite flowers is 

 superior, and four to eight-lcbed ; the sta- 

 mens four, with glands interposed, and the 

 anthers remarkable for opening by valves 

 which turn upwards. The ovary, which is 

 completely adherent to the tube of the 

 calyx, is one-celled with one pendulous 

 ovule, the style slender, and the stigma 

 obtuse. The fruit is nut-like, two-winged 

 at the apex, from two of the lobes of the 

 calyx enlarging while the others fall off. 

 The male flowers have the same lobed 

 calyx and stamens as the hermaphrodite. 

 This genus is very near Illigera, from 

 which it differs in its fruit being winged 

 at the apex, not on the sides, and in com- 

 mon with it is nearly allied to Lauracece 

 and Combretacew, with the latter of which 

 families it has been combined. It is some- 

 times considered as the type of a distinct 

 family, and separated under the name of 

 Gyrocarpece. [B. C] 



GYROMA, or GYRUS. The ring or ar- 

 ticulated circle which surrounds the spore- 

 cases of ferns ; also a button-like shield, 

 such as is found among lichens in the genus 



Gyrophora. 



GYROPHORA. A genus of lichens be- 

 longing to the order Pyxinei, distinguished 

 by its curiously convoluted fruit, a num- 

 ber of disks being produced in a pro- 

 liferous manner within the original fruit. 

 The species grow on rocks and large 

 boulders, and are remarkable as supplying 

 the Tripe de Roche of the Arctic voyagers, 

 so called from the bullate dilated frond. The 

 bitter principle is so strong in these plants, 

 that, though they have considerable nutri- 

 tive qualities, they do not agree as an 

 article of food with many constitutions. 

 Uiiibilicaria, which is distinguished by the 

 more simple disks, supplies also a part of 

 the Tripe, which is collected without much 

 discrimination of species. [M. J. B.] 



GYROSE. Bent backwards and forwards 

 as the anthers of cucurbits. 



GYROSELLE. (Fr.) Dodecatheon. 



GYROSTEMON. A genus of Gyrostemo- 

 nece, consisting of small branched shrubs 

 from South-western Australia with alter- 

 nate linear semi-cylindrical mucronate 

 leaves, and solitary axillary stalked dioe- 

 cious flowers, with a six or seven-lobed 

 calyx ; the males have numerous stamens, 

 in several rows, the females many carpels 

 placed round a thick central axis. The 

 fruit is obovate, of many membranaceous 

 cocci, in a single row. This latter character 

 distinguishes it from Cudonocarpxis, which 

 has the cocci arranged in more than one 

 row. [J. T. S.] 



