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564 



a tall shrub, with pointed egg-shaped 

 leaves, covered with whitish down under- 

 neath, but smooth and green above, is a 

 native of Western Africa, where its fruit, 

 which consists of a number of smooth pod- 

 like carpels about the thickness of a quill, 

 and two inches long, is dried and used in- 

 stead of pepper, whence it is often called 

 Negro-pepper, Guinea pepper, or Ethiopian 

 pepper, and by old authors Piper cethiopi- 

 cum. The fruits of H. undulata are used 

 in the same way, as also are those of H. 

 aromatica : indeed; it is probable that the 

 fruits of all the species possess similar 

 aromatic and pungent properties. [A. SJ 



HACKBERRY. Celtis crassifolia; also 

 C. occidentalis. 



HACKMATACK. The American Larch, 



Abies pendula. 



HACQUETIA. A genus of umbellifers, 

 distinguished by having the limb of the 

 calyx leaf-like and persistent, forming a 

 crown to the fruit, which is contracted at 

 the sides, each half having five narrow ribs. 

 The genus was named in honour of Hac- 

 quet, who published an account of the 

 Alpine plants of Carniola. H. Epipactis, 

 the only species, is a small herbaceous 

 perennial plant resembling an Astrantia, 

 having digitate three-lobed leaves, and a 

 single umbel of yellow flowers. [G. D.] 



HADSCHY. The narcotic Hashish, Can- 

 nabis sativa. 



H^EMADICTYOK A genus of dogbanes, 

 distinguished by the border of the corolla 

 having five equal broad bent lobes, its 

 tube having on its inside five small scales 

 alternate with the lobes; the style ending 

 in a head-like summit ; and by five small 

 glands being situate at the base of the seed- 

 vessel, alternate with the divisions of the 

 calyx. The name is from the Greek, and 

 indicates the crimson tint of the leaf-veins. 

 The species are climbing shrubs, natives 

 of tropical America. [G. D.] 



H.EMANTHUS. A genus of Amarylli- 

 dacece, consisting for the most part of 

 Soutli African bulbs, some few species be- 

 ing found in tropical Africa. It belongs to 

 the amaryllidiform group, that with a solid 

 scape, and the stamens not connected by a 

 cup. The special characteristics are a re- 

 gular perianth with straight tube, and a 

 valveless fruit with a pulpaceous middle 

 coat. The species are rather numerous. 

 They have tunicated bulbs with the scales 

 often two-ranked, and few leaves, of ten only 

 two, which are thickish and plane, erect or 

 lying flat or the ground. The scape is 

 short, often with a pair of bracts at the 

 base, sometimes coloured and terminating 

 in an umbel of many crowded flowers, 

 usually with a many-leaved spathe, the 

 leaflets of which are erect, often coloured, 

 and longer than the flowers. The flowers 

 are red or white, sometimes very showy. 

 The perianth is six-cleft with erect or 

 spreading segments, and a short tube ; the 

 stamens six, exserted; the style filiform, 

 with a simple or obsoletely three-lobed 



stigma ; and the ovary three-celled, becom. 

 ing a globose or oblong berry. [T. M.J 



HiEMARIA discolor, or, as it has been 

 called, Goodyera discolor, is a small herba- 

 ceous orchid of South China, having creep- 

 ing succulent stems throwing out roots at 

 intervals, bearing towards the apex a few 

 ovate leaves, and ending in an erect flower- 

 spike a few inches in length furnished 

 with a number of crimson bracts. The 

 leaves are nearly three inches long, green 

 above, and crimson underneath ; and the 

 flowers are white and three-quarters of an 

 inch across. The plant has altogether the 

 appearance of a Goodyera, and differs 

 chiefly from that genus in the sepals being 

 like the petals and not herbaceous. It is 

 cultivated in gardens for the sake of its 

 beautiful leaves. [A. A. B.] 



S.MM ATITICTTS. Dull red, with a slight 

 mixture of brown. 



H^MATOCOCCUS. A genus of chloro- 

 sperms, in which, however, some of the 

 species have red, and some green spores, 

 and probably for this reason the word 

 Glceocapsa has been substituted for it. The 

 plants consist of a shapeless gelatinous 

 mass made up of vesicles containing a 

 variable number of spores which propa- 

 gate the plant by cell-division, new cells 

 being formed from the divided spores 

 within the mother cell. The species are 

 numerous, and are important as illustrat- 

 ing under a simple form the great prin- 

 ciple of increase by cell-division. The 

 individual plants closely resemble the 

 gonidia of Ephebe. Some of the species are, 

 it is believed, merely an early stage of 

 certain lichens. [M. J. B.] 



H^EMATORCHIS. Cyrtosia. 



HiEMATOSTAPHIS. A small glabrous 

 tree from tropical Africa, with pinnate 

 leaves and long axillary panicles of small 

 white flowers, forming a genus of Ana- 

 cardiacea, allied to Odina, Schinus, &c, but 

 differing from all in its trimerous irre- 

 gular flowers, and in habit. The drupes of 

 a deep crimson, collected in bunches re- 

 sembling grapes, are eatable, and although 

 acid are not unpleasant. 



H^MATOXYLON. The tree yielding 

 the well-known Logwood of commerce is 

 the sole representative of this genus of 

 Leguminosce Cossalpiniw. It is a native 

 of the Bay of Campeachy in Yucatan— 

 whence it is named H. eampechiannm—Rind 

 also of other parts of Central America, 

 and has been introduced into, and is now 

 naturalised in, many of the West Indian 

 islands. The tree is one of medium size, 

 seldom exceeding forty feet in height, 

 with a trunk about a foot and a half in 

 diameter, and having its smaller branches 

 covered with white bark, often spiny. 

 The leaves are pinnate, consisting of from 

 three to four pairs of small smooth ob- 

 versely egg-shaped leaflets : and the yellow 

 flowers are produced in racemes from the 

 bases of the leaves. The pod is flat, tapered 

 to both ends, and contains two seeds, but 



