haxb] 



Cf)e CreaSurg at botany. 



566 



oblique stigma; and a one-celled seed- 

 vessel (follicle), which is generally woody, 

 ovate or oblong and swollen, rarely glo- 

 bose, smooth or tuberculated, and often 

 with two spurs. The foliage is extremely 

 variable : in H.acicularis,propinqua, pugio- 

 niformis, lonyicuspis, Cunniughamii, lorea, 

 &c, it is simple, filiform, occasionally far- 

 rowed, and the points mostly very sharp, 

 the leaves in the last-named species being 

 from eighteen inches to two feet in length ; 

 in H. lasiocarpha, trifurcata, &c, it is very 

 narrow and flat ; in H. linear is, florida, ilici- 

 folia, prostrata, &c, it is linear-lanceolate 

 or ovate, with more or less spiny margins ; 

 in H. cucullata, conchifolia, and Victoria;, it 

 is broadly heart-shaped, with toothed mar- 

 gins ; in H.arborescens, Leucadendron, pan- 

 danicarpa, dactyloides, &c, it is linear- 

 spathulate and of a very leathery texture. 

 The fruit of //. pandanicarpa is very large, 

 and. covered with conical tubercles. The 

 leaves in H. mimosoides, saligna, olei/olia, 

 &c, are either lanceolate or ovate. The 

 genus consists generally of tall shrubs, or 

 occasionally of small trees, as H. lorea, 

 Preissii, arborescens, &c. Some of the 

 species have been found in every portion 

 of Australia and Tasmania that has yet 

 been visited. [R. H.] 



HALBERD-WEED. Neurolcena. 



H ALBERT-HE ADED. Abruptly enlarged 

 at the base into two diverging lobes, like 

 the head of a halbert. 



HALEDSCH. Balanites cegyptiaca. 



HALENIA. A genus of Siberian herba- 

 ceous plants of the gentian family. Their 

 flowers have a four-parted calyx ; a four- 

 cleft corolla whose segments are prolonged 

 at the base into a spur ; four stamens ; and 

 a one-celled ovary with a two-lobed stigma. 

 E. heterantha is remarkable from its lower 

 flowers having no spurs, while the upper 

 ones are provided with them. [M. T. M.] 



HALESIACEJE. One of the names of 

 the order Styracacea. 



HALESIA. A genus of Styracacece, dif- 

 fering from the others in its two to four- 

 winged fruits, which are one to two inches 

 long, with a bony one to four-celled kernel. 

 The Snowdrop or Silver-bell trees, as the 

 species are commonly called, are natives 

 of the United States. They are deciduous 

 shrubs or small trees with alternate stalked 

 ovate-oblong toothed leaves, an inch or two 

 long when the plant is in flower, but much 

 larger when mature. The flowers bear 

 much resemblance to snowdrops, and are 

 supported on slender drooping stalks, two 

 or three together, arising from the buds 

 of the preceding year. A fine tree about 

 thirty feet high ofH. tetraptera may be seen 

 in the Arboretum in Kew Gardens, flower- 

 ing in May and June. The genus bears the 

 name of Dr. Stephen Hales. [A. A. B.] 



HALF. Sometimes used in the sense of 

 one-sided ; as half-cordate, which signifies 

 cordate on one side only. — MONOPET- 

 ALOUS. Having the petals united, but so 



slightly 'that they easily separate. — 

 NETTED. When of several layers of any- 

 thing, the outer one only is netted ; as in 

 the roots of Gladiolus communis. — STEM- 

 CLASPING. Clasping the base in a small 

 degree. — TEB.ETE. A long narrow body, 

 flat on one side, convex on the other. 



HALVED. When the inequality of the 

 two sides of an organ is so great that one 

 half of the figure is either wholly or nearly 

 wanting, as the leaf of many Begonias. 



HALIANTHE. (Fr.) Arenariapeploides. 



HALIDRYS. A generic name given to 

 the old Fucus siliquosus, which is a fre- 

 quent inhabitant of our coasts, and dis- 

 tinguished at once from all other native 

 Algce by the pod-like jointed air-bladders. 

 The only other representative of the ge- 

 nus, H. osmundacea, is found on the north- 

 west coast of America. [M. J. B.] 



HALIMEDA. A genus of calcareous 

 green-spored Alga, with the habit of the 

 Indian fig, belonging to the natural order 

 Siphbnece. The frond is composed, like 

 Caulerpa, of a branched thread which tra- 

 A'erses every part of the plant, but never 

 has any articulations. The endochrome is 

 at length resolved into minute zoospores. 

 The species are all inhabitants of warm 

 seas. H. Opuntia is widely diffused, and is 

 found in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, 

 and also in the Mediterranean and Red 

 seas. The plants grow in sand or amongst 

 fragments of shells, being attached by a 

 mass of fine thread-like roots, which grasp 

 the particles of sand &c, and form a little 

 ball. [M. J. B.] 



HALIMTJS. A group of Chenopodiacece, 

 allied to Atriplex, but now sunk under the 

 genus Obione; it is, however, retained as a 

 section of the latter, distinguished by 

 having the perigone surrounding the fruit 

 closed, and joined by the whole length of 

 their sides. Obione pedunculata, an annual, 

 found, though rarely, in salt marshes in 

 the south-east of England, belongs to this 

 section ; it has alternate obovate or oblong 

 slightly fleshy leaves, with a mealy cover- 

 ing, and axillary glomerules of small 

 flowers arranged in interrupted spikes. 

 The fruit is remarkable from the peduncu- 

 lated obcordate fruiting bracts. [J. T. S.] 



HALLERIA. A genus of Scrophulariacece, 



consisting of erect glabrous shrubs, with 



opposite ovate evergreen leaves, and showy 



scarlet flowers, solitary or clustered in the 



| upper axils. The shape of the corolla is 



nearly that of a Pentstemon, but the calyx 



i is broad and cup-shaped ; there is no rudi- 



[ mentary fifth stamen, and the fruit is a 



i berry. There are three species known, all 



natives of the Cape Colony in South Africa. 



HALL I A. A genus of Leguminosce 

 peculiar to South Africa, consisting of a 

 few erect or decumbent perennial herbs, 

 with slender angled or winged stems, 

 simpleheart-snaped or lance-shaped leaves, 

 and in their axils solitary or twin stalked 

 flowers, nearly the size of those of a vetch, 



