569 



€\)c Crca^urt? at 33fltann. 



[hard 



are included , and the capsule is linear and 

 flattened, with several seeds. [W. C] 



HAPLODESMIUM. A genus of Mela- 

 stomacece, consisting of a shrubby branch- 

 ing small-leaved plant, with elliptical 

 leaves and tetranierous flowers. The 

 calyx is carapanulate, its teeth nearly 

 equalling the tube; the petals oblong- 

 ovate, blunt: the stamens eight equal; 

 and the ovary free, four-celled. The fruit 

 is a four-valved capsule crowned by the 

 persistent teeth of the calyx. H. Linde- 

 nianum, a native of the Andes about Trux- 

 illo, grows at an elevation of from 4,000 

 to 12,000 feet. [J. H. B.] 



HAPLOL.ENE.E. A tribe of frondose 

 Jungermanniacece, characterised by a one- 

 leaved involucre without any true perianth 

 (the sheathing tube being merely the veil), 

 a spherical capsule, and dichotomous rib- 

 | bed fronds. Sometimes the rib is con- 

 I fluent with the margin. This tribe contains 

 J some of the finest of the frondose liver- 

 | worts, vying with the smaller Hymeno- 

 phylla in beauty and delicacy of frond (see 

 Symphyogyna). Pellia epiphylla is a well- 

 known British representative. [M. J. B.] 



HAPLOPAPPUS. An American genus 

 of Composite, distinguished from its allies 

 in the Solidaginece by the oblong or top- 

 shaped more or less silky achenes being 

 crowned with a pappus of rigid (not capil- 

 lary) bristles. Some are North American, 

 but the greater number are Chilian, and 

 some of them inhabit the high .Andean 

 regions. They are mostly perennials, with 

 alternate lance-shaped or oblong leaves, 

 and twigs terminated by yellow-rayed 

 flower-heads, though in some the heads are 

 without rays. A few are nearly stemless, 

 with leaves like those of the daisy but 

 sharply toothed, while others have pinna- 

 tifid downy leaves. A shrubby Chilian spe- 

 cies, H. Baylahuen, with glutinous stems, 

 and spathulate unequally-toothed leaves 

 embracing the stem by their narrowed 

 base, is used by the Chilians, according to 

 M. Gay, in the treatment of various diseases 

 in their domestic animals, and is called by 

 them Baylahuen. [A. A. B.] 



.HAPLOPHLEBIA. Alsophila. 



HAPLOPETALUM. A genus of Legno- 

 tidecE, which tribe Mr. Bentham refers to 

 the order Rhizophoracece. The genus is 

 thus characterised :— Calyx four-parted; 

 petals four entire ; stamens four or five 

 times as numerous as the petals, inserted 

 on the margin of a very short disk ; lower 

 part of the ovary, which alone contains 

 the ovules, adherent to the calyx, the 

 upper part detached. The species is a Fee- 

 jean plant. [M. T. M.] 



HAPLOPHYLLUM. A genus of peren- 

 nial plants or undershrubs, natives of 

 Southern Europe &c, and distinguished 

 from Rv.ta by their simple leaves, and five 

 to six-parted flowers, the filaments hairy 

 on their inner surface, and the style thick- 

 ened towards the top. [M. T. M.] 



HAPLOPTERIS. A genus of polypodia- 

 ceous ferns of the group Pteridece-, having 

 simple coriaceous fasciculate fronds, on 

 which the sori are linear continuous and 

 marginal, with a broad firm marginal in- 

 flexed indusium opening along the inner 

 edge. The veins are simple from a central 

 costa. H. scolopendnna, the only species, 

 a native of Bourbon, has quite the aspect 

 of a broad-fronded species of Vittaria or 

 Tceniopsis. [T. M.] 



HAPLOSCIADIUM. An Abyssinian um- 

 bellifer with radical twice-pinnated leaves, 

 like those of a Meum, and simple umbels on 

 simple or scarcely branched scapes. It is 

 supposed to constitute a distinct genus, 

 but the fruit is not sufficiently known to 

 characterise it with certainty. 



HAPLOSTEMMA. A name proposed by 

 Endlicher to receive a plant which Decaisne 

 has referred to Vincetoxicum, from which it 

 does not differ materially. [W. C] 



HAPLOSTYLUS. Rhynchospora. 



HAPLOTAXIS. The same as Aplotaxis. 



HARDENBERGIA. A genus of Legumi- 

 nosce found in Southern and Western Aus- 

 tralia, and consisting of a few slender 

 woody climbers, very similar in appearance, 

 and all desirable as greenhouse plants from 

 the profusion of their flowers. They are 

 most nearly related to Kennedy a, from 

 which they are readily distinguished by 

 their flowers being small and numerous, 

 arranged in stalked racemes, instead of few 

 and nearly as large as those of a pea. 3. 

 monophylla, a common greenhouse climber, 

 has alternate smooth leaves, bearing a 

 single lance-shaped or oblong leaflet two 

 to three inches long, and prominently 

 nerved. The racemes vary in length, but 

 are generally longer than the leaves, and 

 bear numerous usually blue flowers. The 

 long carrot-shaped somewhat woody root of 

 this plant is called by the colonists Sarsapa- 

 rilla, and, according to Mr. Adamson, is used 

 by the goldminers in infusion as a substi- 

 tute for that root. Other species have three 

 leaflets instead of one. The genus bears 

 the name of Prances Countess Hardenberg, 

 sister of Baron Hugel the eminent German 

 traveller. [A. A. B.J 



HARDHACK. Spircea tomentosa. 



HARDHAY. Hypericum quadrangulare. 



HARDHEADS. Centaurea nigra. 



HARDOCK, or HARLOCK. Probably 

 the Burdock, Arctium Lappa. 



HARDWICKIA. A small genus of East 

 Indian trees, belonging to the Ccesalpinia 

 group of Leguminosce, and nearly related to 

 the copaiva-balsam trees of South America. 

 The abruptly pinnate leaves in H. binata 

 are composed of one, and in 3. pinnata 

 of three pairs of opposite unequal-sided 

 somewhat oval leaflets; and the minute 

 dull yellow flowers are arranged in a spiked 

 manner in axillary or terminal panicles. 

 Each flower consists of four or five sepals ; 

 eight to ten stamens, the alternate ones 



