579 



€l)t £rea£urg of 3Sataitg. 



[hemi 



orderof aseomyeetous Fungi, distinguished 

 by the hynienium being more or less ex- 

 posed, though sometimes covered at first 

 by a veil, or the inflexed border of the re- 

 ceptacle. Many of the species are large, 

 and afford good articles of food, while, on 

 the contrary, many are small and mere bo- 

 tanical curiosities. It includes the escu- 

 lent Heh-ellce, the morels, &c, besides a mul- 

 titude of species varying greatly in colour, 

 ! texture, and form. In a large portion of 

 ! these the receptacle is depressed, to form a 

 ; cup or disk, but in others it is so raised 

 ! that it becomes pileiform ; the borders are 

 then more or less closely attached to the 

 stem, till at last they are quite confluent 

 with it, so as to form a club-shaped body 

 with scarcely any distinct stem, as in 

 Geoglossnm difforme. [M. J. B.] 



HELVELLA. A fine genus of ascomy- 

 cetous Fungi, distinguished by the pileate 

 receptacle, which is hollow and barren be- 

 low, and whose borders hang down on the 

 stem, to which they are either slightly at- 

 tached or quite free. The fructifying sur- 

 face is even and free from pits ; the asci 

 contain large elliptic sporidiawith one or 

 two nuclei. The stem is sometimes sim- 

 ple, but it is also at times so deeply 

 grooved that it appears as if it were made 

 of many confluent stems. The cinereous- 

 black H. laeunosa, and the pallid H. crispa, 

 are our most common species, and both of 

 them are esculent, and when well stewed 

 form an acceptable dish. H. esculenta, 

 which has been found abundantly in pine 

 woods at TVeybridge by Mr. Currey, is now 

 referred to Gyromitra, in consequence of 

 the hymenium having many gyrose raised 

 ribs, and is known by this character and 

 its brown tint. It is much eaten on the 

 continent; but in some conditions ap- 

 pears to be dangerous. [M. J. BJ 



HELVOLES. Greyish-yellow, with a 

 little brown. 



i HELTYIXGIACEJE, HELWIXGIA. A 



natural order and a genus of monooblamy- 

 deons dicotyledons, included in Lindley's 

 garryal alliance of diclinous Exogens. 

 A shrub with the leaves alternate, and the 

 flowers clustered on the midrib of the 

 leaves. The flowers are sfaminate and pis- 

 tillate ; perianth three to four-parted, with 

 ovate spreading segments ; aestivation 

 valvate ; stamens three to four, alternate 

 with the segments of the perianth ; ovary 

 adherent to the perianth, crowned with an 

 epigynous disk, three to four-celled with a 

 pendulous ovule in each cell ; stigmas three 

 to four diverging. Fruit drupaceous, crown- 

 ed by the remains of the styles and disk. It 

 comes from Japan, and has alternate petio- 

 late acuminate stipulate leaves, and small 

 flowers. The young leaves of Helwingia 

 rudcifolia are used in Japan as an esculent 

 vegetable. The. genus is by some placed 

 in Araliacece. [J. H. B.J I 



HEMEROCAEEE BLEEE. rFr.) Fun- I 

 kia ovata. — DU JAPOX. Funkia sub- j 

 cordata. 



HEMEROCAEEIDE.E. The Hemerocal- 

 lis family, a subdivision of the natural 

 order Liliacece, which belongs to the hy- 

 pogynous monocotyledons or Endopen's. 

 They are showy plants, bearins: umbellate 

 or racemose flowers, white, yellow, red, 

 or blue. Phormium tenax yields New 

 Zealaud flax. Sanseviera cylindrica yields 

 fibres for cordage in Africa. Examples 

 occur in Hemerocallu-, Funkia, Agapanthus, 

 and Tritonia : see Liliace^:. [J. H. B.] 



HEMEROCALLTS. The Day Lily, a genus 

 of LiliacecB, differing from the other 

 tubero-fasciculate rooted lilies, by having 

 the segments of the perianth united into 

 a tube, and by their larger yellow or 

 orange flowers. The leaves are all radical, 

 very long or broadly linear, keeled, the 

 scape branched at the top with few flowers, 

 and a shortly trumpet-shaped perianth. 

 They are chiefly natives of temperate Asia 

 and Eastern Europe, though the two com- 

 monest species, H. flava and H. fulva, 

 occur even in France. [J. T. S.] 



HEMESTHEUM. Lastrea. 

 HEMI. In Greek compounds = half, or 

 halved. 



HEMIANATROPOUS. An ovule which 

 is anatropal, with half the raphe free. 



HEMIANDRA. A genus of labiates, 

 having the calyx bell-shaped and two- 

 lipped, the stamens four, the filaments 

 smooth, one half of each anther alone 

 producing pollen. The name indicates the 

 last character above mentioned, viz. the 

 imperfect state of an anther. The species 

 of this genus are erect or decumbent 

 shrubs, natives of the south-eastern parts 

 of Australia, with narrow stiff entire 

 leaves, bearing in their axils the solitary 

 flowers. [G. D.] 



HEMIANTHUS micranthemoides is a 

 minute North American annual, consti- 

 tuting a genus of Scrophulariacece, scarcely 

 differing from Micranthemum, by the ca- 

 lyx being toothed only and not lobed, and 

 by a more irregular corolla. 



HEMICARPHA. A genus of cyperaceous 

 plants belonging to the tribe Hypolitrece, 

 distinguished chiefly by the inflorescence 

 being in solitary many-flowered spikes; 

 scales imbricated, obovate-cuneate, and de- 

 ciduous ; stamen one ; styles cleft ; achenes 

 elliptic-oblong. Steudel describes five spe- 

 cies, which are natives of warm climates 

 in Africa and South America. [D. MJ 



HEMICHROA. A genus of Amarantha- 

 cece, consisting of small undershrubs from 

 the shores of South Australia. They have 

 alternate semi-terete exstipulate leaves, 

 and solitary sessile axillary bibracteated 

 flowers, with a five-leaved calyx coloured 

 within, and two to five stamens united at 

 the base. [J. T. S.] 



HEMICLIDIA. A South-west Australian 

 proteaceous genus containing a single 

 species, H. Baxieri, a shrub growing about 

 five feet in height, clothed with rigid 



