350 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 7. 



Grapevine Canon. — Common on the north side of the canon and rang- 

 ing up on the Gold Mountain slope between 1,525 and 1,830 meters (5,000 

 and 0,000 feet). 



Timpahute Mountains. — Abundant and flowering profusely. Ranges 

 up to 1,275 or 1,300 meters (1,200 or 1,300 feet) on the road to Pahroc 

 Plain. Occurs also on Pahranagat Mountains. 



Muddy Mountains. — Common near Bitter Spring (in full flower May 

 5), 



Valley of the Virgin and Lower Muddy. — Common on dry gravel soils. 



AUIZONA AND UTAH. 



Beaverdam Mountains. — Common on the east side of the Virgin Val- 

 ley, ranging thence up on the west slope of the Beaverdam Mountains 

 to 1,150 meters (3,800 feet). 



Opuntia engelmanni occidentalis. 



Abundant throughout the San Bernardino Plain, ranging up to the 

 base of the San Bernardino Mountains and entering the lower part of 

 Cajon Pass, where it reaches an altitude of about 730 meters (2,100 

 feet). It occurs in patches in the Santa Clara Valley near the mouth 

 of Castac Creek. In Castac Valley the highest plant was seen on the 

 north side at an altitude of 600 meters (2,000 feet), but it was rare 

 above 330 meters (1,100 feet), where, both it and Opuntia bernardina 

 became common together about 4 miles north of the railway switch 

 known as l Castac' 



A related cactus, which Mr. Coville informs me is probably Opuntia 

 chlorotica, was found along the Colorado River, in the western part of 

 Vegas Desert near Lower Cottonwood Springs, and on the west slope 

 of the Charleston Mountains between 1,675 and 1,730 meters (5,500 and 

 5,700 feet) altitude. 



Sheep Spring, Juniper Mountains. — A cactus resembling Opuntia en- 

 gelmanni, but with smaller and more spiny pads, which differ further 

 from those of O. engelmanni in not growing on top of one another 

 several tiers high, was common in the sage and juniper in the Juniper 

 Mountains between Meadow Creek Valley, Nevada, and Shoal Creek, 

 Utah, from 1,920 to 2,070 meters (6,300 to 6,800 feet) altitude. 



Opuntia rutila. (Plate xi.) 



This species, which has enormously long and slender spines, was 

 not found in California except on the Panamint Mountains, where it 

 was common along the summit, ranging down on the west slope above 

 Wild Rose Spring to an altitude of 1,900 meters (6,300 feet). In Nevada 

 it was found on the Charleston, Pahranagat, Desert, and Tinipahute 

 mountains, and in the Virgin Valley. In Utah it was fouud on the 

 west slope of the Beaverdam Mountains, up to 1,150 meters (3,800 feet), 

 and occurred in places in the Santa Clara Valley. 



Along the west base of the Desert Mountains near Quartz Spring it 

 >vas common and in flower May 27, and the flowers were yellow. All 



