FAMILY, I— PERCIDJE. 21 



19. Serranus summana, Plate IV, fig. 4. 

 Perca surnmana, Forsk. p. 42; Gmel. Linn. p. 1317. 

 Bodianus summana, Bl. Schn. p. 334. 

 Fomacentrus summana, Lacep. iii, p. 511. 



Serranus poly stigma, Bleeker, Sumatra, ii, p. 2 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 129. 

 Serranus summana, Playfair, Fish. Zanz. p. 8, pi. ii, fig. 1 (not Cuv. and Val. &c). 

 Epinephelus summana, Bleeker, Epinephelini, p. 105. 



B. to, D. JL P. 17, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 17, L. r. *&», L- tr. 21/48. 



Length of head from 3/10 to 2/7, of caudal 2/11, height of body from 3/10 to 2/7 of the total length. 

 Eyes — diameter from 1/4 to 1/5 of the length of head, 1| diameters from the end of snout, and also apart. The 

 maxilla reaches to below the last third of the orbit. Preopercle with a very shallow emargination above its 

 angle, its vertical border finely serrated, its lower as well as the sub- and inter-opercles entire. Central opercular 

 spine the most developed. Teeth — moderate sized canines in both jaws, the outer row of teeth in the maxilla and 

 the inner in the mandible rather larger than the villiform bands. Fins — dorsal spines of moderate strength, the 

 third to the fifth being the longest, equalling 2f in the height of the body, and slightly decreasing to the last : the 

 soft portion of the fin higher than the spinous, somewhat angular, as is also that of the anal : pectoral longer 

 than the ventral, and equalling the length of the head, excluding the snout : second anal spine the strongest, rather 

 longer than the third, and equalling the highest in the dorsal fin : caudal rounded. Scales — ctenoid on the body, 

 about 13 rows between the lateral-line and the base of the sixth dorsal spine. Colours — brownish, the body and 

 vertical fins covered with small round white dots, which are minute on the head or even absent, a black spot 

 above the maxillary : soft portions of dorsal and anal fins with dark edges, having white margins. 



Klunzinger observes that some specimens of S. leucostigma, C.V. are the young form of S. summana, 

 C.V.=S. tumilabris, C.V. Peters has shown that Holocentrus cceruleopunctatus, Bloch=;S. alboguttatus, C.V.=iS'. 

 leucostigma, C.V. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, East coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. It is very common at 

 the Andamans, where the specimen figured, (10 inches long) was captured. 



20. Serranus dermochirus. 

 Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 513. 

 B. to, D. a, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 17. 



Length of head 4/13, of caudal 2/9, height of body 4/13 of the total length. Eyes— diameter 2/9 of length 

 of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and nearly 1 apart. The maxilla reaches to somewhat behind the hind 

 edge of the orbit. Preopercle, with its vertical margin finely serrated, three well developed opercular spines, the 

 central one being the longest. Teeth — a pair of canines on either side of both jaws, an outer enlarged row along 

 the sides of the upper jaw, and an inner one in the lower. Fins — dorsal spines strong, increasing in length to 

 the fourth, which equals two diameters of the orbit : pectoral longer than the ventral, and equal to the length of 

 the head behind the front edge of the orbit. Although, doubtless, the skin covering the fins is thick, it does not 

 appear to be remarkably so. Colours — the specimen appears to be covered with fine white spots along each 

 row of scales. It much resembles and is probably identical with S. summana. 



Habitat. — Malabar. The specimen is over 12 inches in length. 



21. Serranus morrhua, Plate V, fig. 1. 



Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 434; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 154; Klunz. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien. 1870, p. 678. 



Serranus pcecilinotus, Temm. Schleg. Fauna Japon. Poiss. pi. iv, A. f. 1 ; Richards. Ich. China, p. 233 ; 

 Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. xxvi, p. 61 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 155. 



Serranus radiatus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 699. 



B. vii, D. riJ^, P. 19, V. 1/5, A. f , C. 17, L. r. iff, L. tr. 21/46. 



Length of head nearly 1/3, of caudal 1/6, height of body 2/7 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 1/4 of 

 length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1/2 a diameter apart. The maxilla reaches to below the hind 

 edge of the orbit. Vertical limb of preopercle sHghtly oblique, serrated, and with three or four strong denticula- 

 tions at its angle, its horizontal edge as well as the sub- and inter-opercles entire : opercle with three spines, the 

 central one the longest. Teeth — canines in both jaws, the outer row of teeth in the maxilla, and the inner in the 

 mandible, larger than the villiform bands. Fins — dorsal spines moderately strong, increasing in length to the 

 third which equals two-fifths of the height of the body, and is nearly as high as the rays : third anal spine 

 the strongest, the second of nearly similar length and about equal to the third of the dorsal fin : pectoral as 

 long as the head behind the middle of the eye : ventral nearly reaching the vent : caudal rounded. Scales — on 

 body ctenoid, 14 rows between the lateral-line and the base of the sixth dorsal spine : none on the preorbital nor 

 on the maxilla in the young. Colours — (in the young) greenish-olive, becoming dull yellow on the abdomen. A 

 broad irregular-shaped bluish-white band passes from the posterior edge of the occiput to meet a s imil ar one 

 from the opposite side : two more descend from the lower and posterior edge of the orbit to the base of the 

 pectoral fin : another proceeds from the upper margin of the preopercle, at first backwards, and opposite the 

 posterior third of the pectoral it curves upwards to the middle of the spinous dorsal on to which it is continued. 







