16 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



Sen-aims oceanicus, Cuv. and Val. ii, p. 302 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 109. 



Sen-anus fasciatus, Klunz. Fische d. Roth. Meer, Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien. 1870, p. G81 ; Giintlier, Fische d. 

 Sudsee, p. 6, t, 6. 



Epinephelus fasciatus, Bleeker, Epinephelini, p. 119. 



B. vii, D. ^.Vt, P. 18, V. 1/5, A. T %, C. 17, L. r. ff . 



Length of head from 3/10 to 2/7, of caudal 1/6, height of body 2/7 to 1/4 of the total length. Eyes— 

 diameter 1/4 to 2/9 of the length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 3/4 of a diameter apart. The 

 maxilla extends to below the hind edge of the orbit. Preopercle rather strongly serrated along its vertical 

 border, rather more coarsely so at its angle, above "which it is somewhat emarginate, its lower limb entire. Sub- 

 and inter-opercles either entire, or with a very few fine serrations. Central opercular spine the most developed. 

 Teeth — canines in both jaws, the outer row of teeth in the maxilla, and the inner in the mandible larger than the 

 villiform bands. Fins — dorsal spines from the third of about the same length, but not so high as the rays, the 

 last are equal to two-fifths of the height of the body : pectoral slightly longer than the ventral, and equal to the 

 length of the head behind the middle of the eye : ventral not reaching the vent : second anal spine the strongest, 

 a little longer than the third which nearly equals the last in the dorsal fin : caudal rounded. Scales — on the 

 body ctenoid : from 12 to 14 rows between the lateral-line and the base of the sixth dorsal spine. Colours — in 

 S. fasciatus reddish or yellowish, with five dark vertical bands, a fine black edge along the whole of the dorsal 

 fin. In S. oceanicus the cross bands may be absent. In S. marginalis brownish or yellowish, the dorsal, and 

 caudal fins being black edged. In S. variolosus brownish, with spots over the head, body, and soft dorsal fins. 



Sir J. Richardson directed attention to the S. tsirimenara of the ' Fauna Japonica ' being distinguished 

 from this fish, owing to its possessing a row of five or six irregular whitish and indistinct spots on the flanks. 

 Bleeker observes that these spots are in two rows above, and below the lateral-line, irrespective of which on 

 comparing specimens of the two species of the same length together, he found that in the S. tsirimenara the body 

 is less rounded, the head more pointed, and the rows of scales above and below the lateral line are xTo-iri-- 



Habitat. — From the Red Sea through those of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. The specimen 

 figured was taken at the Andaman islands, and is 7 inches in length. 



10. Serranus tumilabris, Plate III, fig. 3. 



Serranus sumana, Cuv. and Val. ii, p. 344 ; Rupp. N. W. Fische, p. 102 and Atl. p. 104 ; Lefeb. Voy. 

 Abyss. Zool. p. 229, pi. 5, f. 1 ; Klunzinger. Fische d. Roth. Meer, Verh. z. b. Ges. in Wien. 1870, p. 685 

 (not Forskal). 



Serranus tumilabris, Cuv. and Val. ii, p. 346 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 138 ; Playfair, Fish. Zanz. p. 8, pi. ii, 

 f. 2. 



Serranus Hoevenii, Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. 1849, and Perc. p. 36 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 138 ; Playfair, 

 Fish. Zanz. p. 9, pi. ii, f. 3. 



Serranus Kunhaiiii, Bleeker, Sumatra, p. 169. 



Epinephelus Hoevenii, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Perc. t. iv, f. l,t. viii, f. 4, & t. xii, f. 4, and Epinephelini, p. 110. 



B. vii, D. ii, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 19, L. r. f|, L. tr. 21/—. 



Length of head from 1/3 to 2/7, of caudal about 1/6, height of body from 2/7 to 1/4 of the total length. 

 Eyes — diameter varies considerably, the following shows proportions in ten specimens in spirit. Four as S. 

 tumilabris being as follows : — 



1. Length of specimen 5 T 2 inches : diameter of eye 2/9 of length of head : third dorsal spine rather 

 above 1/2 as long as head behind front edge of orbit. 



2. Length of specimen 6| inches : diameter of eye 2/9 of length of head : third dorsal spine 1/2 as long 

 as head behind the middle of the orbit. 



3. Length of specimen 8 inches : diameter of eye 2/9 of length of head : third dorsal spine not quite 1/2 

 as long as head behind the front edge of orbit. 



4. Length of specimen 9 inches : diameter of eye 1/5 of length of head : third dorsal spine 1/2 the length 

 of the head behind the posterior nostril. 



In No. 1, 2, and 3 the eye is 1 diameter from end of snout : in No. 4, 1| diameters. 

 Six marked as S. Hoevenii are as follows : — 



1. Length of specimen 2^ inches : diameter of eye 1/3 of length of head : third dorsal spine as long as 

 the post-orbital portion of the head. 



2. Length of specimen 6 inches : diameter of eye 2/9 of length of head : third dorsal spine 1/2 the 

 length of the head behind the middle of the orbit. 



3. Length of specimen 6^ inches : diameter of eye l/4-i- (6/25) of length of head : third dorsal spine 

 1/2 the length of the head behind the first 1/3 of the orbit. 



4. Length of specimen 6j%- inches : diameter of eye l/4j (4/17) of length of head : third dorsal spine 

 1/2 the length of the head behind the first 1/3 of the orbit. 



5. Length of specimen ll^ inches : diameter of eye 1/5| (3/16) of length of head : third dorsal spine 

 half the length of the head behind the first 1/3 of the orbit. 



6. Length of specimen 20 inches : diameter of eye 1/6 of length of head : third dorsal spine 1/3 the 

 length of the head behind the front edge of the orbit. 



