FAMILY, I— PERCID^E. 11 



18. Sen-anus semipunatatus, D. ±±, A. ■§-. The serrations on the preopercle are fine. Caudal rounded. 

 Body with six, or seven broad cross bands ; head, and fins only are spotted. Pondicherry, to 1 foot in length. 



19. Serranus summana, D. i J-Vg-) A. -J. Canine teeth small. Preopercle serrated, with a shallow notch 

 above its angle. Second anal spine longest and strongest : caudal rounded. Brown, body, and vertical fins 

 covered with small, round, white dots. Scarcely any spots on the head : a black streak above the maxilla. 

 Red Sea, East coast of Africa, and Andaman Islands, where it is very common. 



20. Serranus dermochirus, D. -fi-, A. f , appears to be a variety of the last species. Malabar. 



21. Serranus morrhua, D. \\, A. -§-, L. r. J-3-f-, L. tr. 21/46. Preopercle with three strong teeth at its 

 angle. Caudal rounded. Greenish-olive, becoming dull yellow on the abdomen ; several irregular bluish- white 

 bands radiate from the orbit, or exist on the head, whilst others are seen on the body. Red Sea, seas of Tndia 

 to Japan. 



22. Serranus angularis, D. x^-Vg"' A. -§-, Csec. pyl. 13-14. Three strong denticulations at the angle of 

 preopercle. Caudal lunate. Greyish, head and body, covered with large closely-set yellow spots. Fins spotted, 

 all, except the pectoral, with black white-edged margins. An damans. 



23. Serranus fuscoguttatus, D. t^-Vi-j A. f, L. r. i^ , L. tr. 22/56. Canine teeth feeble in the upper and 

 not apparent in the lower jaw. Vertical limb of preopercle rather strongly serrated, but more coarsely at its 

 angle : third anal spine longest, but not so strong as the second : caudal rounded. Greyish, with brown spots 

 of a larger or smaller size irregularly disposed. East coast of Africa : Andaman Islands. 



24. Serranus grammicus, D. \\, A. ■§■, L. r. \%^, L. tr. 17/44. Preojoercle serrated, more coarsely at its 

 angle. Caudal fin cut nearly square. Greyish, with three narrow black bands ; the superior passes from the 

 upper edge of the orbit to the last dorsal spine ; the second from the upper third of the orbit over the superior 

 opercular spine to the base of the sixth dorsal ray ; and the third from the lower edge of the orbit to below the 

 middle opercular spine, and on to the upper third of the caudal fin, where it takes the form of rounded blotches. 

 Dorsal fin with a row of black spots along its centre, and edged with black ; anal, and caudal edged with black, 

 the latter with numerous black spots. Madras, to at least 15 inches in length. 



25. Serranus boenack, D. t6"-t~s> -A- ~s-"9i •'-'■ r - 95, L. tr. 22/43. Preopercle most coarsely serrated at its 

 angle. Caudal rounded. Yellowish-brown : snout pale blue : lips, and throat spotted with a dai'ker blue : and 

 about five fillets of the same colour diverge from the orbit and cross the opercles. Tortuous blue lines along 

 the body. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, and China. 



26. Serranus miniatus, D. xs-Te' A. -g-.^-Q, L. r. 1 -££, L. tr. 14/40, Ca?c. pyl. 12 (Madras) to 16 (Andamans). 

 Sub- and inter-opercles serrated, as is also the vertical limb of the preopercle : opercle, with three spines, the 

 upper the shortest. Caudal rounded. Scarlet : body, cheeks, dorsal, caudal, and anal fins covered with large 

 blue spots. Two dark streaks from the orbit along the snout : fins darkest at their outer edges. Two rows of 

 large blue spots along the hard dorsal, and six or eight over the soft, and the anal. Madras, Andamans, to the 

 Malay Archipelago. 



27. Serranus guttatus, D. -j-j?^, A. -g? ¥ , L. r. \%^, L. tr. 21/43, Case. pyl. 8. Preopercle not emarginate : 

 edge very slightly if at all serrated. Brownish-black, head, body, and all the fins with round blue black-edged 

 spots, caudal, anal, and the posterior half of the dorsal with a white edge. Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay 

 Archipelago, China, and Australia. 



28. Serranus leopardus, D. jj'yy, A. -g-a, L. r. -§-§, L. tr. 10/26. Reddish or yellowish : body spotted : 

 a dark band from the eye to the opercle : one or two more over the free portion of the tail, and an oblique black 

 band across either caudal lobe. Red Sea, through the seas of India to China. 



29. Serranus Sonnerati, D. ^ A. ■§-, L. r. iff, L. tr. 27/40, Case. pyl. 11 or 12. Vertical limb of pre- 

 opercle finely serrated : caudal rounded. A dull lake colour, the head, and jaws covered with reticulated 

 bright blue lines. Some very indistinct spots over the whole of the body. Fins lake colour, darkest at the 

 edges. Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal sometimes with lightish badly-marked spots. East coast of Africa, seas of 

 India to Sumatra, and the Louisiade Archipelago. 



30. Serranus Boelang, D. 3^, A. -^-g, L. r. -§-§•, L. tr. 18/36. Preopercle rounded, and its vertical border 

 finely serrated. Purplish, with eight or nine vertical bands on the body. East coast of Africa, Andamans to 

 the Malay Archipelago. 



1. Serranus Stoliczkse, Plate I, fig. 3. 



B. vii, D. ii P. 17, V. 1/5, A. T 3 ¥ , C. 17, L. r. ±%%, L. tr. 14/40. 



Length of head, 3/11 to 2/7, of caudal 2/11 to 1/6, height of body 2/7 to 1/4 of the total length. -Eyes- 

 diameter 1/4 to 2/9 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout and also apart. The maxilla extends to 

 below the posterior 1/3 or hind edge of the eye. Vertical border of the preopercle emarginate, rather coarsely 

 serrated most so at its angle, its lower limb, sub- and inter-opercles entire. Teeth — canines in both jaws, the 

 outer row in the maxilla and the inner in the mandible larger than the villiform bands. Fins — dorsal spines, 

 excluding the two first, of about equal length, and from two-fifths to half the height of the body : pectoral as 

 long as the head behind the middle of the orbit, and much longer than the ventral which reaches the vent : 

 second anal spine strongest, the third somewhat the longest, equalling the third of the dorsal fin : caudal 

 rounded. Scales — cycloid, extended over snout, suborbitals and hind half of maxilla. Colours — light brownish- 

 red, becoming hyacinth-red on the sides and below, barred with four vertical darker bands, the anterior 

 proceeding from the whole base of the spinous dorsal, these bands become indistinct in large specimens, 



C 2 



