FAMILY, I— PERCIDJE. 67 



along the side : and a black spot surrounded by a yellow ocellus at the root of the caudal fin. It otherwise 

 resembles the last species, of which it might be considered a variety. 



Fifth group — Grystina. 



Body oblong or elevated. Opercles entire or variously serrated. Cleft of mouth more or less oblique. 

 One or two dorsal fins. 



Genus, 13 — Duxes, Guv. and Val. 



Moronophis & Plectroplites, Gill : Paradules, pt. Bleeker. 



BrancMostegals six : pseudobranchim. Eyes of moderate size. Chin moderately prominent. Preopercle 

 serrated. Opercle with spines, but destitute of any membranous lobe. Villiform teeth in the jaws, vomer, and 

 palatines, no canines. A single dorsal fin with ten spines, having a deep notch between the two last : anal with three 

 spines. Scales ctenoid and of moderate size. 



Geographical distribution. — From the Red Sea and East coast of Africa through the seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago and beyond, being found in most intertropical seas, some being said to enter fresh waters.* 

 Uses. — Owing to their small size, these fishes are of but little economic value. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



1. Bules marginatus, D. \%, A. T s , L. 1. 42. An oblique wide greyish band with an outer white margin 

 across either caudal lobe : another along the top of the soft dorsal. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and 

 beyond. 



2. Bules argenteus, D. -g-lxoi A. to'tti L. 1. 52. A central black band on caudal fin and two oblique 

 yellowish-black ones across either lobe : soft dorsal with a grey band along its upper edge, having a white 

 outer margin. East coast of Africa, seas of India, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



1. Dules marginatus, Plate XVIII, fig. 1. 



Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 116, pi. 52, and vii, p. 474 ; D'Urville, Voy. Pole Sud. Poissons, p. 41, pi. iii, f. 3 ; 

 Bleeker, Sumatra, i, p. 573 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 268, and Fische d. Sudsee, p. 24. 



Bules malo, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 479; D'Urville, 1. c. pi. iii, f. 4; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 270. 



Bules mato, Less. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii, p. 223. 



Bules leuciscus, Jenyns, Voy. Beagle, Fishes, p. 17. 



Kuhlia ciliata, Gill, Nat. Hist. Soc. Phil. 1861, p. 48. 



Moronopsis ciliatus, Bleek. Arch. Neerl. 1872, p. 376, and Atl. Ich. Perc. t. xxxviii, f. 1, and 1. c. t. xlvi, f. 2. 



Paradules marginatus, Bleeker, Ceram. p. 257. 



B. vi, D. fa p. 15, V. 1/5, A. T \, C. 17, L. 1. 42, L. fr. 5/8. 



Length of head 2/7, of caudal 1/5, height of body 4/13 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 2/7 of 

 length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout and also apart. The maxilla reaches to below the middle of the 

 orbit. Preorbital very finely serrated along its lower margin, most distinctly so in the young. Horizontal limb 

 of preopercle serrated. Opercle with two spines of which the lower is the longer. Teeth — villiform in jaws, 

 vomer, and palatines. Fins — dorsal spines moderately strong, the fifth the highest and equal in length to the 

 postorbital portion of the head, the tenth is longer than the ninth : third anal spine the longest : caudal 

 moderately forked. Colours — greyish along the back, becoming silvery- white on the sides and abdomen; a 

 greyish band, having a white tip, across the posterior third of the caudal fin : a similar but darker band, 

 having a white upper edge, along the top of the soft dorsal : the other fins tinged externally with grey and edged 

 with white. 



Perca ciliata, (K. v. H.) Cuv. & Vn\.=Percichthys ciliata, (C. V.) Giinther=this species according to Bleeker. 



Habitat. — Seas of India, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond, attaining at least eight inches in length. 



2. Dules argenteus, Plate XVIII, fig. 2. 

 Perca argentea, Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, p. 22, pi. 22. 



Bules tceniurus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 114 ; Bleeker, Perc. p. 49 : Giinther, Catal. i, p. 267 ; Elner, Novara 

 Fische, p. 47. 



? Bules Guamensis, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 474 ; D'TTrville, 1. c. p. 42, pi. 3, f. 1 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 269. 



Bules Bennetti, Bleeker, Bengal, p. 36 ; Peters, Wiegm. Arch. 1855, p. 238 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 270. 



Bules argenteus, Klunzinger, Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 730 ; Giinther, Fische d. Sudsee, p. 25, 

 t. xix, f. C. 



Moronopsis tceniurus, (Gill) Bleeker, Arch. Neer. Sc. 1872, p. 374. 



Paradules tceniurus, Bleeker, China, p. 139. 



B. vi, D. JJL P. 15, V. 1/5, A. T1 fi IT , C. 17, L. 1. 52, L. tr. 6/12. 



Length of head nearly 1/4, of caudal nearly 1/5, height of body 4/15 of the total length. Eyes — 

 diameter 2/5 of length of head, 1/2 a diameter from end of snout, and 3/4 of a diameter apart.. The maxilla 

 reaches to below the first third of the orbit. Preorbital very finely" serrated along its lower edge. Horizontal 



* According to Mr. Garrett's observations in the Fische d. Sudsee, p. 24, these fishes appear sometimes to prefer fresh water 

 to saline. 



K 2 



